不同清选工艺对甜菜单胚种质量的影响研究

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.05.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】有效提升甜菜单胚种种子丸粒化加工质量,探究单胚种种子清选工艺,为实现甜菜单胚种的种子丸粒化提供理论参考。【方法】通过设置不同试验参数,分析比较原始种粒径大小、磨光处理、磨光条件、比重筛选及水选对甜菜单胚种种子质量的影响。【结果】原始种分级处理可以提高甜菜种子粒径大小的均一性,与未分级处理原始种相比也可以显著提高种子的发芽率（P<0.05）。磨光处理经筛选分级后,磨光种和复磨种的发芽率显著（P<0.05）高于原始种（粒径4.75~5.25 mm）,复磨2次发芽率最高（89.30%）,显著高于复磨1次和其他磨光种（P<0.05）;磨光处理后,种子千粒重和脱壳率与原始未磨光种子相比差异显著（P<0.05）。不同磨光条件的筛选结果表明,磨光强度处理中,分级磨光种2.0~2.5 mm、2.5~3.0 mm、3.0~3.5 mm的发芽势、发芽率组间比较差异显著（P<0.05）,且频率35 Hz均显著高于40 Hz（P<0.05）;频率35 Hz、时间3 min和频率45 Hz、时间1 min种子发芽率较高,适合甜菜单胚种种子磨光。比重筛选结果表明,比重2的发芽率和千粒重最高,分别为85.00%和9.62 g,其中,发芽率显著高于除比重3以外的其他种子（P<0.05）,千粒重显著高于其他种子（P<0.05）。水选试验结果表明,水选+回干18 h后发芽势和发芽率均最高,分别为91.25%、92.75%,显著高于其他干燥条件（P<0.05）,且此时的含水量为10%。【结论】甜菜单胚种原始种子依次经过除杂、分级、磨光、比重筛选、水选等一系列清选工艺后,可以有效提高种子发芽率,有助于甜菜单胚种子丸粒化技术的推广应用。

关键词: 甜菜, 单胚种, 清选工艺, 发芽率, 丸粒化

Abstract: 【Objective】In order to effectively improve the processing quality of sugar beet monogerm seeds pelleting and explore the cleaning process of monogerm seeds,provide theoretical reference for seed pelleting of sugar beet monogerm.【Methods】By setting different test parameters,the effects of original seed size classification,grinding times,grinding conditions,specific gravity screening and water selection on the quality of sugar beet monogerm seeds were compared and analyzed.【Results】The graded treatment of original seeds could improve the uniformity of beet seed grain size and significantly improve the germination rate,compared with the original seeds without graded treatment（P<0.05）. After screening and grading,the germination rate of the polished and regrinding seed was significantly higher（P<0.05） than that of the original seeds（particle size 4.75-5.25 mm）,and the germination rate of the grinding twice was the highest 89.30%,which was significantly higher than that of the regrinding once and other polished seeds（P<0.05）. The 1 000-grain weight and peeling rate of the seeds after grinding treatment were significantly different from that of the original unpolished seeds（P<0.05）. The screening results of different grinding conditions indicated that in the grinding intensity treatment,the germination potential and germination rate of different grinding intensity grades of 2.0-2.5 mm,2.5-3.0 mm,3.0-3.5 mm were significantly different（P<0.05）,and the frequency of 35 Hz was significantly higher than that of 40 Hz（P<0.05）. The frequency of 35 Hz,time 3 min and 45 Hz and time 1 min had high germination rate,which was suitable for sugar beet monogerm seed grinding. The specific gravity screening results show that the germination rate and 1 000-grain weight of specific weight 2 were the highest,at 85.00% and 9.62 g. In them,the germination rate was significantly higher than that of other seeds except for specific gravity 3（P<0.05）,and the 1 000-grain weight was significantly higher than that of other treatment（P<0.05）. In water selection test,it showed that the germination potential and germination rate after water selection+back drying 18 h were the highest,with 91.25% and 92.75% respectively,which were significantly higher than other drying conditions（P<0.05）,and the water content at this time was 10%.【Conclusion】After a series of cleaning processes such as impurity removal,grading,polishing,specific gravity screening,and water selection,the germination rate of the original seeds of sugar beet monogerm seeds can be effectively improved,which is helpful for the promotion and application of sugar beet monogerm seeds pellet technology.

Key words: Sugar beet, Monogerm, Cleaning process, Germination rate, Pelleting

中图分类号:

S566.3

张辉, 张必周, 孙梦媛, 付增娟, 赵尚敏, 鄂圆圆, 张自强, 王良, 李晓东, 郑文哲. 不同清选工艺对甜菜单胚种质量的影响研究[J]. 北方农业学报, 2024, 52(5): 1-10.

ZHANG Hui, ZHANG Bizhou, SUN Mengyuan, FU Zengjuan, ZHAO Shangmin, E Yuanyuan, ZHANG Ziqiang, WANG Liang, LI Xiaodong, ZHENG Wenzhe. Study on the effect of different cleaning process on the quality of sugar beet monogerm seeds[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2024, 52(5): 1-10.

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