北方农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (5): 84-94.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.05.09

• 土壤肥料·农业气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥替代对马铃薯农田土壤水氮利用效率和产量的影响

杜二小1,2,3, 包珺玮1, 韩志刚1, 梁红伟1, 赵晓宇1, 任永峰1,2,3, 于伟卓1, 赵沛义1,2,3   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    2.内蒙古自治区旱作农业重点实验室,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    3.农业农村部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测实验站,内蒙古 武川 011705
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-28 出版日期:2024-10-20 发布日期:2025-01-14
  • 通讯作者: 赵沛义(1972—),男,研究员,博士,博士生导师,主要从事作物栽培与耕作学方面的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:杜二小(1990—),男,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事农田面源污染与作物栽培的工作。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院青年基金项目(2022QNJJN08); 内蒙古科技计划项目(内蒙古自治区旱作农业重点实验室)

The effects of nitrogen fertilizer replacement on soil water and nitrogen use efficiency and yield of potato fields

DU Erxiao1,2,3, BAO Junwei1, HAN Zhigang1, LIANG Hongwei1, ZHAO Xiaoyu1, REN Yongfeng1,2,3, YU Weizhuo1, ZHAO Peiyi1,2,3   

  1. 1. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    2. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming,Hohhot 010031,China;
    3. Science Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation in Inner Mongolia,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuchuan 011705,China
  • Received:2024-05-28 Online:2024-10-20 Published:2025-01-14

摘要: 【目的】探讨不同肥料替代部分化学氮肥对马铃薯农田土壤水氮利用效率以及马铃薯生长发育和产量的影响,揭示内蒙古阴山北麓农牧交错区马铃薯田不同肥料替代化学氮肥的保墒增产作用机制。【方法】以内蒙古阴山北麓农牧交错区主栽马铃薯品种华颂7号为供试材料,于2022年和2023年在平衡施用氮磷钾肥的情况下,设置不施用氮肥(CK)、氮肥习惯施用(NPK)、80%氮肥施用(RN)、80%氮肥施用+20%水溶肥(RN+WF)、80%氮肥施用+20%腐熟羊粪(RN+SM)、80%氮肥施用+20%生物有机肥(RN+BM)、80%氮肥施用+20%缓释尿素(RN+RUN)7个处理,分析不同肥料替代部分氮肥处理对0~80 cm土层土壤水分垂直分布变化以及马铃薯生长发育、产量和水氮利用效率的影响。【结果】2022年和2023年,不同肥料替代部分氮肥处理0~80 cm土层土壤含水量均低于CK;全生育期马铃薯田土壤耗水量均以RN+SM处理最高,较CK分别提高5.14%、6.59%;马铃薯全生育期单株干物质积累量以RN+SM处理最高,较CK分别增加19.70%、18.93%;不同肥料替代部分氮肥处理马铃薯产量较CK显著提高(P<0.05),增产幅度为3.40%~23.73%,以RN+SM处理最为明显;不同肥料替代部分氮肥处理马铃薯水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力均以RN+SM处理最高,水分利用效率较CK提高17.68%、44.71%,氮肥偏生产力较NPK提高36.78%、42.38%。【结论】80%氮肥施用+20%腐熟羊粪可以增加马铃薯单株干物质积累量,提高马铃薯产量和土壤水氮利用效率,是适合内蒙古阴山北麓农牧交错区马铃薯种植的理想施肥模式。

关键词: 氮肥替代, 马铃薯, 水氮利用效率, 产量, 有机肥

Abstract: 【Objective】To explore the effects of different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers on soil water and nitrogen use efficiency,as well as potato growth,development,and yield,and to reveal the mechanism of soil moisture retention and yield increase of different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers in potato fields in the agricultural pastoral transitional zone of northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】The local dominant potato variety Huasong No. 7 grown in the agricultural pastoral transitional zone of northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia was used as the test material. In 2022 and 2023,under the condition of balanced application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers,a total of seven nitrogen application types were set up,including zero nitrogen fertilizer(CK),traditional nitrogen fertilizer level(NPK),80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level(RN),80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of water-soluble fertilizer(RN+WF),80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of decomposed sheep manure(RN+SM),80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of bio-organic fertilizer(RN+BM),80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of control-released urea(RN+RUN). Analyzed the impacts of replacing partial chemical nitrogen fertilizer with different fertilizers on the vertical distribution of soil moisture in 0-80 cm soil layer as well as potato growth and development,yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency.【Results】In 2022 and 2023,lower soil moisture in 0-80 cm soil layer was observed in the different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers treatments compared with that of CK. RN+SM treatment had the highest soil water consumption of potato fields in the whole growth period,which was 5.14% and 6.59% higher than that of CK,respectively. RN+SM treatment had the highest dry matter accumulation per plant of potato in the whole growth period,which was increased by 19.70% and 18.93% compared with CK,respectively. The potato yields of different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers treatments were significantly elevated compared with CK(P<0.05),and the yield increase ranged from 3.40% to 23.73%,and the most obvious increase in RN+SM treatment. The water use efficiency and partical-factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer of potatoes treated with different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers were highest in RN+SM treatment,with water use efficiency increased by 17.68% and 44.71% compared to CK,and partical-factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 36.78% and 42.38% compared to NPK.【Conclusion】The 80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of decomposed sheep manure can increase the dry matter accumulation per plant of potato,improve potato yield,soil water and nitrogen use efficiency,it is an ideal fertilization model for potato planting in the agricultural pastoral transitional zone of northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.

Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer replacement, Potatoes, Water and nitrogen use efficiency, Yield, Organic fertilizer

中图分类号: 

  • S532