北方农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (2): 1-10.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2026.02.01

• 种质资源·分子生物学 •    下一篇

不同谷子品种在陕北旱区的农艺性状与适应性分析

李瑞1, 梁鸡保1, 张霞1, 冯佰利2, 贺乐军3, 马磊4   

  1. 1.神木市农业技术推广中心,陕西 神木 719300;
    2.西北农林科技大学 农学院,陕西 杨凌 712100;
    3.神木市大古石峁生态农业有限公司,陕西 神木 719300;
    4.神木市农民培训中心,陕西 神木 719300
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-04 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-06-10
  • 作者简介:李瑞(1988—),男,高级农艺师,硕士,主要从事农业技术推广工作。
  • 基金资助:
    农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-06-13.5-A26); 陕西省小杂粮产业技术体系(NYKJ-2018-YL19); 陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-ZDLNY-06,2024NC-YBXM-035)

Agronomic traits and adaptability analysis of different millet varieties in the dryland region of northern Shaanxi

LI Rui1, LIANG Jibao1, ZHANG Xia1, FENG Baili2, HE Lejun3, MA Lei4   

  1. 1. Shenmu Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Shenmu 719300, China;
    2. College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
    3. Shenmu Dagu Shimao Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd., Shenmu 719300, China;
    4. Shenmu Farmer Training Center, Shenmu 719300, China
  • Received:2025-08-04 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-06-10

摘要: 【目的】筛选农艺性状较好、适应性较强的谷子品种,为陕北旱区谷子生产提供理论参考。【方法】连续3年(2022—2024年)观测20个谷子品种的生育期、形态特征,并对其农艺性状进行变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析,对其适应性进行隶属函数评价。【结果】20个参试谷子品种的生育期差异明显,其生育天数为111~145 d。变异分析中,千粒重的变异系数最小(5.19%)、产量的变异系数最大(37.70%);相关性分析中,产量与穗长、穗粒重、单穗重呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),穗粒重与穗长、穗粗呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),单穗重与穗长、穗粗、穗粒重呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),千粒重与穗粒重、单穗重呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05);主成分分析中,前2个主成分的累计贡献率为70.75%,产量、穗部性状影响最大。隶属函数评价结果表明,两优中谷5号、赤谷16号、金枪、晋谷60号、敖谷8号、晋谷59号、龙爪酒谷、石砲谷的适应性较强。【结论】综合评价共筛选出8个品种,分别为两优中谷5号、赤谷16号、金枪、晋谷60号、敖谷8号、晋谷59号、龙爪酒谷、石砲谷,适宜在陕北旱区种植。

关键词: 谷子, 农艺性状, 适应性, 陕北旱区

Abstract: 【Objective】 To select millet varieties with favorable agronomic traits and stronger adaptability,providing theoretical references for millet production in the dryland region of northern Shaanxi. 【Methods】 Over three consecutive years(2022—2024),the growth period and morphological characteristics of 20 millet varieties were observed,their agronomic traits were subjected to variation analysis,correlation analysis,and principal component analysis,and the adaptability was evaluated using the membership functions. 【Results】 Significant differences were observed in the growth periods of the 20 millet varieties,with the growth days ranging from 111 to 145 d. In the variance analysis,the coefficient of variation for 1 000-grain weight was the smallest(5.19%),while the coefficient of variation for yield was the largest(37.70%). The correlation analysis revealed that yield was significantly positively correlated with panicle length,grain weight per panicle,and single panicle weight(P<0.05);grain weight per panicle showed significant positive correlations with panicle length and panicle diameter(P<0.05);single panicle weight was significantly positively correlated with panicle length,panicle diameter,and grain weight per panicle(P<0.05);the 1 000-grain weight was significantly positively correlated with grain weight per panicle and single panicle weight(P<0.05). In the principal component analysis,the cumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components was 70.75%,with yield and panicle traits having the highest effect. The membership function evaluation results indicated that the varieties Liangyouzhonggu No. 5,Chigu No. 16,Jinqiang,Jingu No. 60,Aogu No. 8,Jingu No. 59,Longzhaojiugu,and Shipaogu had strong adaptability. 【Conclusion】 The comprehensive evaluation selected eight varieties:Liangyouzhonggu No. 5,Chigu No. 16,Jinqiang,Jingu No. 60,Aogu No. 8,Jingu No. 59,Longzhaojiugu,and Shipaogu,which are suitable for cultivation in the dryland region of northern Shaanxi.

Key words: Millet, Agronomic traits, Adaptability, Dryland region of northern Shaanxi

中图分类号: 

  • S515