菜籽粕的营养价值及其在家禽生产中的应用进展

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2026.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 我国家禽养殖规模大,饲料需求量大,饲料的蛋白质主要由豆粕提供,但我国大豆资源缺口较大,豆粕价格较高,增加了家禽养殖成本,阻碍了家禽养殖业的健康发展。菜籽粕是油菜籽榨油之后的副产物,蛋白质含量丰富,氨基酸组成相对合理,并且含有大量的矿物元素,是一种较好的可替代豆粕的饲料原料。但菜籽粕含有硫代葡萄糖苷、单宁、植酸和芥子碱等抗营养因子,降低了家禽对饲料中蛋白质的利用率,导致其生长性能及繁殖能力降低,因而限制了菜籽粕在家禽生产上的应用。为了提高菜籽粕的利用率,可通过物理方法、化学方法和微生物发酵法消除菜籽粕的抗营养因子。对菜籽粕的营养价值、抗营养因子种类、抗营养因子消除方法及其在家禽生产上的应用进行综述,以期合理利用菜籽粕,降低饲料成本,促进菜籽粕在家禽生产上的应用。

关键词: 菜籽粕, 营养价值, 抗营养因子, 家禽养殖

Abstract: China has a large-scale poultry industry with substantial feed demand, and feed protein is mainly supplied by soybean meal. However, the shortage of domestic soybean resources and the high price of soybean meal have increased production costs and hindered the healthy development of the poultry industry. Rapeseed meal, a by-product of obtained after oil extraction from rapeseed, is rich in protein with a relatively balanced amino acid profile, and contains abundant mineral elements, making it a promising alternative to soybean meal. Nevertheless, rapeseed meal contains antinutritional factors such as glucosinolates, tannins, phytic acid, and sinapine, which reduce feed protein utilization efficiency in poultry and lead to impaired growth performance and reproductive capacity, thereby limiting the application of rapeseed meal in poultry production. To improve the utilization efficiency of rapeseed meal, antinutritional factors of rapeseed meal can be eliminated through physical, chemical, and microbial fermentation methods. This review summarizes the nutritional value of rapeseed meal, types of antinutritional factors, methods for elimination of antinutritional factors, and its application in poultry production, with the aim of the rational utilization of rapeseed meal, reduction of feed costs, and promotion of application of rapeseed meal in poultry production.

Key words: rapeseed meal, nutritional value, antinutritional factors, poultry production

中图分类号:

刘鑫雨, 何安奎, 李曼, 梁小军, 梁波, 陈山锋, 陈晓帅. 菜籽粕的营养价值及其在家禽生产中的应用进展[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2026, 47(1): 23-28.

LIU Xinyu, HE Ankui, LI Man, LIANG Xiaojun, LIANG Bo, CHEN Shanfeng, CHEN Xiaoshuai. Nutritional Value of Rapeseed Meal and Its Application Progress in Poultry Production[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2026, 47(1): 23-28.

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