不同饲养方式对苏尼特羔羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及瘤胃功能的影响

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2026.01.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 系统探究放牧、半舍饲及全舍饲3种不同饲养方式对苏尼特羔羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃微生物区系的影响,为优化苏尼特羊高效健康养殖模式提供参考。[方法] 选取60只3月龄健康苏尼特羔羊,随机分为放牧组（FM）、半舍饲组（BS）和舍饲组（SS）,每组20只。FM组全程自由放牧,不进行任何补饲;BS组在白天自由放牧的基础上进行精料补充,第1周每只羊补饲0.3 kg/d精料补充料,此后每周增加50 g/只;SS组在全舍饲条件下自由采食全价日粮。预饲期14 d,正试期60 d。试验开始和结束时测定生长性能,试验结束后,每组随机选取5只羊,测定屠宰性能、器官指数、肉品质、瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃微生物区系。[结果] 生长性能和屠宰性能方面,BS组和SS组的终末体重、平均日增重、胴体重和屠宰率均极显著（P<0.01）高于FM组;SS组终末体重显著（P<0.05）高于BS组。器官指数方面,BS组的心脏指数和SS组的肝脏指数显著（P<0.05）低于FM组。肉品质方面,SS组粗脂肪含量显著（P<0.05）高于FM组。瘤胃发酵方面,与FM组相比,BS和SS组pH值显著（P<0.05）降低,氨态氮含量显著（P<0.05）升高。微生物区系分析显示,FM组α多样性的Shannon指数极显著（P<0.01）高于BS和SS组,Chao1指数显著（P<0.05）高于BS、极显著（P<0.01）高于SS组;SS组中Succinivibrio、Succiniclasticum菌属的相对丰度极显著（P<0.01）升高。[结论] 在该试验条件下,与传统放牧相比,半舍饲和全舍饲饲养模式均能显著提升苏尼特羔羊的生长性能、屠宰性能和瘤胃发酵功能,并显著改变瘤胃微生物群落结构。其中,全舍饲模式在促进羔羊增重方面效果最佳,且对羊肉主要食用品质无负面影响。因此,全舍饲适宜作为苏尼特羊高效养殖的推荐模式。

关键词: 苏尼特羔羊, 饲养方式, 生长性能, 屠宰性能, 肉品质, 瘤胃发酵功能

Abstract: [Objective] To systematically investigate the effects of three different rearing patterns-grazing, semi-confinement, and total confinement-on the growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, rumen fermentation parameters, and rumen microbial community of Sonid lambs, providing a reference for optimizing efficient and healthy rearing models for Sonid sheep. [Methods] A total of 60 healthy 3-month-old Sonid lambs were selected and were randomly assigned to three groups: a grazing group （FM）, a semi-confinement group （BS）, and a confinement group （SS）, with 20 lambs per group. The FM group grazed freely without supplementation; the BS group received concentrate supplementation on the basis of daytime free grazing, with 0.3 kg/d of concentrate supplement per lamb in the first week, followed by a weekly increase of 50 g per lamb; the SS group was fed a total mixed ration ad libitum under total confinement conditions. The trial consisted of a 14-day pre-trial and a 60-day formal trial. Growth performance was measured at the beginning and end of the trial. After the trial, 5 lambs were randomly selected from each group to determine slaughter performance, organ indices, meat quality, rumen fermentation parameters, and rumen microbial community. [Results] Regarding growth and slaughter performance, the final body weight, average daily gain, carcass weight, and dressing percentage of the BS and SS groups were extremely significantly higher than those of the FM group （P<0.01）; the final body weight of the SS group was significantly higher than that of the BS group （P<0.05）. For organ indices, the heart index in the BS group and the liver index in the SS group were significantly lower than those in the FM group （P<0.05）. In terms of meat quality, the crude fat content in the SS group was significantly higher than those in the FM group （P<0.05）. For rumen fermentation, compared with the FM group, the pH in the BS and SS groups decreased significantly （P<0.05）, while the ammonia nitrogen content increased significantly （P<0.05）. Microbial community analysis showed that the Shannon index of α-diversity in the FM group was extremely significantly higher than in the BS and SS groups （P<0.01）, and the Chao1 index was significantly higher than in the BS group （P<0.05） and extremely significantly higher than in the SS group （P<0.01）. The relative abundances of Succinivibrio and Succiniclasticum in the SS group increased extremely significantly （P<0.01）. [Conclusion] Under the experimental conditions, compared with traditional grazing, both semi-confinement and total confinement models significantly improved the growth performance, slaughter performance, and rumen fermentation function of Sonid lambs, and significantly altered the rumen microbial community structure. Among them, the total confinement model was most effective in promoting weight gain with no negative impact on the primary edible quality of the mutton. Therefore, total confinement is recommended as an efficient rearing model for Sonid sheep.

Key words: Sonid lambs, rearing method, growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, rumen fermentation function

中图分类号:

S826.4

李明月, 王泳, 马驰, 范文斌, 王超, 姜丽丽, 张耀支, 王利, 赵江琦, 李奇, 李长青. 不同饲养方式对苏尼特羔羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及瘤胃功能的影响[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2026, 47(1): 61-71.

LI Mingyue, WANG Yong, MA Chi, FAN Wenbin, WANG Chao, JIANG Lili, ZHANG Yaozhi, WANG Li, ZHAO Jiangqi, LI Qi, LI Changqing. Effects of Different Rearing Methods on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality, and Rumen Function of Sonid Lambs[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2026, 47(1): 61-71.

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