选择信号分析在家马驯化与选育性状候选基因挖掘中的应用研究进展

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2026.01.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选择信号分析作为群体基因组学的核心分析手段,能够识别在长期自然选择与人工选育过程中受正向、负向及平衡选择的基因组区域,为解析动物适应性进化机制与关键性状的遗传基础提供分子证据。系统综述了家马在驯化与人工选育过程中,与其重要经济性状和表型性状相关的选择信号的研究进展,涵盖体型、运动性能、毛色等核心选育性状,同时对部分因连锁累赘保留的病理性状相关选择信号特征进行梳理。通过总结选择信号检测技术及候选基因筛选策略在不同马种群中的应用,阐释了该方法在揭示马群体遗传结构、驯化适应性机制以及经济性状分子调控机制中的核心作用。最后,结合多组学整合与技术发展趋势,展望了选择信号分析在马基因组学研究、品种改良及遗传资源保护中的应用前景,为未来家马的分子育种和进化研究提供参考。

关键词: 家马, 选择信号分析, 全基因组重测序, 群体基因组, 候选基因

Abstract: Selection signature analysis, as a core analytical approach in population genomics, can identify genomic regions subjected to positive, negative, and balancing selection during long-term natural selection and artificial breeding, providing molecular evidence to elucidate the mechanisms of adaptive evolution and the genetic basis of key traits in animals. This review systematically summarizes the research progress on selection signatures related to important economic and phenotypic traits in domestic horses during domestication and artificial breeding, covering core breeding traits such as body size, athletic performance, and coat color, and also summarizes the characteristics of selection signatures associated with pathological traits retained due to linkage drag. By summarizing the application of selection signature detection techniques and candidate gene screening strategies across diverse horse populations, this review elucidates the pivotal role of this method in revealing population genetic structure, domestication-adaptation mechanisms, and the molecular regulatory mechanisms of economic traits. Finally, in combination with the trends of multi-omics integration and technological development, the review discusses the application prospects of selection signature analysis in equine genomics research, breed improvement, and genetic resource conservation, providing a reference for future molecular breeding and evolutionary studies of domestic horses.

Key words: domestic horse, selection signature analysis, whole-genome resequencing, population genomics, candidate genes

中图分类号:

S821.2

李文博, 图格琴, 安塔娜, 芒来. 选择信号分析在家马驯化与选育性状候选基因挖掘中的应用研究进展[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2026, 47(1): 72-82.

LI Wenbo, Tugeqin, Antana, Manglai. Research Progress on the Application of Selection Signature Analysis in Candidate Gene Mining for Domestication and Breeding Traits of Domestic Horses[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2026, 47(1): 72-82.

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