Abstract: 【Objective】 To understand the yield difference of rice stubble wheat and the production restriction factors in different regions of Anhui Province. 【Methods】 A participatory rural assessment method was used to investigate the status quo of wheat yield and the composition of limiting factors in three rice stubble areas along the Yanhuai region,the Jianghuai region,and the Yanjiang region in Anhui Province. 【Results】 At present,the age of wheat production personnel in rice-stubble wheat area of Anhui Province is mainly 41-60 years old,accounting for 79.52% of the total population. The yield of rice cropping wheat decreased from north to south,with a range of 3 048.60-5 685.60 kg/hm² and an average yield of 4 978.5 kg/hm². The overall average yield was Yanhuai region>the Jianghuai region>the Yanjiang region. The average yield difference of rice stubble wheat in the whole province was 2 637.00 kg/hm²,and the regional yield range was 2 778.00 kg/hm²,2 502.00 kg/hm²,and 1 575.00 kg/hm²,respectively. The main non-human limiting factors in rice stubble wheat production were gibberellic disease and ear germination. Artificial controllable limiting factors mainly include unreasonable variety selection,poor sowing quality,low seedling quality,and unmatched agricultural machinery and techniques. The main social limiting factors are large input,high cost,low market grain price,poor efficiency,and high and unstable prices of fertilizer. The main ecological limiting factors are poor soil texture,shallow and less fertile soil,drought,waterlogging,insufficient light,and insufficient effective accumulated temperature. 【Conclusion】 It is an effective way to reduce the yield difference of rice stubble wheat in the region to increase the yield potential of middle and low yield fields. The technical core means to narrow the yield difference of rice stubble wheat area are to establish suitable wheat variety and distribution,to build the forecast system of disease （insect,grass）,to improve the social service organization of agricultural machinery and plant protection,and to improve the training of new agricultural operators and agricultural machine operators.

Key words: Anhui, Rice stubble wheat, Yield gap, Limiting factors, Way