【Objective】To identify and analyze the cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase（CRK） gene family members of Gossypium hirsutum,and provide genetic resources and theoretical basis for cotton Verticillium wilt resistance breeding.【Methods】According to the results of whole genome sequencing,the GhCRK gene family in the Gossypium hirsutum Nongdamian 8 genome was identified using bioinformatics methodologies,analyses were conducted on protein physicochemical properties,chromosomal localization and genetic evolution. Furthermore,gene expression data were employed to potential Verticillium wilt resistance genes,and the resistance function of candidate gene was assessed through virus induced gene silencing（VIGS） technology.【Results】The genome of Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Nongdamian 8 harbored a total of fifty GhCRKs,distributed across fourteen chromosomes. These length of the encoded protein was 390 to 1 774 amino acid residues,resulting in diverse molecular weights spanning from 43.15 kDa to 196.66 kDa,the average isoelectric point was observed at 6.94. The majority of GhCRKs were predominantly localized in the plasma membrane. Protein domain analysis showed that 90 % of GhCRKs（45） contained two Stress-antifung domains. The promoter regions of GhCRKs encompassed seven cis-acting elements relating to responsiveness to plant hormones,including methyl jasmonate,abscisic acid,salicylic acid,et al. Fourteen GhCRKs exhibited up regulation expression in response to Verticillium dahliae infection. Following the silencing of GhCRK08 and GhCRK33,Gossypium hirsutum exhibited exacerbated symptoms of Verticillium wilt and a significantly higher disease index.【Conclusion】The genome of Gossypium hirsutum Nongdamian 8 contains a substantial number of CRKs,among which 14 hold potential as significant candidate genes for Verticillium wilt resistance. Additionally,the role of GhCRK08 and GhCRK33 in Verticillium wilt resistance has been further elucidated.

【Objective】To investigate the pre-harvest sprouting resistance and genetic composition of Ping′an series wheat varieties（lines）.【Methods】The pre-harvest sprouting characteristics of 14 Ping′an series varieties（lines） were analyzed by whole ear germination method,and the sources of pre-harvest sprouting resistance genes were detected by molecular markers of 5 anti pre-harvest sprouting genes.【Results】Among the 14 varieties（lines）,the relative pre-harvest sprouting index of Ping′an No. 11 was 0.19,reached the level of resistance;the relative pre-harvest sprouting indexes of Ping′an 658 and Ping′an 701 were 0.35 and 0.37,respectively,reached the level of moderately resistance. The results of molecular marker detection of anti pre-harvest sprouting genes showed that the relative pre-harvest sprouting index of haplotype composed of three loci （-222、+646、+666） of TaPHS1 gene was CGAC<TGAC<TGAT<TATT from low to high,and Ping′an No. 11 contained the best haplotype of TaPHS1 gene of anti pre-harvest sprouting,7 wheat varieties（lines） including Ping′an 901 contained anti pre-harvest sprouting gene TaVp1B3,4 wheat varieties including Ping′an 12 contain anti pre-harvest sprouting gene PM19A-1,all 14 wheat varieties（lines） contain neither of anti pre-harvest sprouting gene Dorm-1 or Tamyb10-D.【Conclusion】Ping′an No. 11 is the only variety with hap-CGAC resistant to pre-harvest sprouting,which can be used in cultivating new varieties of anti pre-harvest sprouting wheat and discovering new anti pre-harvest sprouting gene.

【Objective】To screen for high-yield and high-quality new peanut varieties suitable for planting in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】With 19 newly introduced Huayu series of peanut varieties as the test materials,major agronomic trait were investigated,and yield traits,quality traits were determined. Variability,correlation,gray correlation degree and cluster analysis were performed for all tested varieties.【Results】The main stem height,lateral branch length,number of pod branch,100-pod weight and 100-kernel weight were significantly positively correlated with the yield of the tested varieties（P<0.05）,the correlation coefficients were 0.518,0.509,0.508,0.646 and 0.649,respectively. The top 5 rank of grey correlation degree were main stem height>lateral branch length>100-pod weight>number of pod branch>100-kernel weight. In the cluster analysis,the overall traits of the class I were better,the main stem height,lateral branch length,total number of branch,number of pod branch,100-pod weight,100-kernel weight,single plant productivity and yield were higher than those of the other three classes.【Conclusion】The main stem height,lateral branch length,100-pod weight,number of pod branch,100-kernel weight have a great influence on peanut yield,and can be used as reference indicators for peanut introduction screening and high-yield breeding.

【Objective】To explore the effects of seed coating agents and biological agents on the nodulation and growth of continuous soybean in the main soybean production area of Hulun Buir,Inner Mongolia,and to provide technical support for breaking soybean continuous cropping obstacle.【Methods】Using Mengkedou No. 8 as the experimental material,seven treatments were set up in a continuous cropping field in Hulun Buir,Inner Mongolia,including Duofuke suspension soybean seed coating agent（DFK）,Liangdun suspension soybean seed coating agent（LD）,Ruisheng suspension soybean seed coating agent（RS）,Biological suspension soybean seed coating agent（BIO）,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi seed dressing（AMF）,soybean rhizobia seed dressing（SR）,and water seed dressing（CK）. To analyze the effects of different treatments on the variation,growth dynamics,yield and its constituent factors in above-ground dry matter accumulation and nodule dry matter accumulation of continuous cropping soybean during the growth stage.【Results】The above-ground dry matter accumulation and nodule dry matter accumulation of continuous cropping soybean in each treatment showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing during the growth stage,and reached the maximum value in the drum grain stage（R6）. Compared to the CK,the above-ground dry matter accumulation increased by 7.54% to 39.40% in R6,the increase orders were LD>SR>AMF>BIO>RS>DFK. And the nodule dry matter accumulation increased by 8.80% to 187.71% in R6,the increase orders were AMF>SR>LD>BIO>RS>DFK. Compared with CK,the start time of the dry matter rapid accumulation period（t₁） of the above-ground was delayed in the all treatments（except LD treatment）,and t₁ of the nodule was advanced in the all treatments;the duration time of dry matter rapid accumulation period（Δt） of the above-ground was longer in DFK and RS treatments,the Δt of the nodule was longer in the all treatment;the average rate of the dry matter rapid accumulation period（V_mean） of the above-ground was faster in the LD,RS,BIO,AMF,and SR treatments,the V_mean of the nodule was faster in the AMF and SR treatments. Both seed coating agents and biological agents treatment increased the yield of continuous cropping soybean,where LD,BIO,AMF,SR treatments reached significant levels and increased the yield by 13.55%,12.98%,12.81%,7.80%,respectively,compared to the CK（P<0.05）.【Conclusion】In the main soybean production area of Hulun Buir,Inner Mongolia,above-ground dry matter accumulation and nodule dry matter accumulation of continuous cropping soybean using the Liangdun suspension soybean seed coating agent and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi seed dressing are higher,the continuous cropping soybean yield increase effect is better,and it can effectively breaking the continuous cropping obstacle.

【Objective】To obtain effective antagonistic biocontrol bacteria against cucumber Fusarium wilt.【Methods】The strains with stronger antagonistic effect to cucumber Fusarium wilt were screened from the samples of Yellow Sea by Oxford Cup method,the effect on germination and seedling of cucumber seeds was determined in greenhouse,the strain with the least influence by Gram staining observe,physiological and biochemical identification and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.【Results】A total of 6 strains with strong antagonistic effect against cucumber Fusarium wilt were screened,including PSYC4,PSYC22,PSYC24,PSYC161,PSYC162 and PSYC132. Among them,strain PSYC4 had the least effect on cucumber seed germination and seedling,with a germination rate of 91.67% and a seedling emergence rate of 100%. The strain PSYC4 was identified as Bacillus pumilus,which had a stronger antagonistic effect on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum,with an inhibition rate of 69.11%.【Conclusion】Strain PSYC4 can effectively inhibit the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum,and has a significant biocontrol effect on cucumber Fusarium wilt.

【Objective】To establish an efficient extraction method for solanine from potato peel,explore the application value and prospect of potato peel in plant-derived pesticides,and provide scientific evidence for the comprehensive utilization of solanine as a plant-derived pesticide.【Methods】Potato peel was used as the experimental material. Ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method,acid enzyme solution extraction method,ultrasound-assisted extraction method,and acid water extraction method,four extraction methods for main component of solanine were compared and optimized. Single-factor experiments and the Box-Behnken experimental design from response surface analysis were used to optimize the extraction methods. The ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method was optimized for solanine extraction.【Results】 Among the four extraction methods,the extraction efficiency from high to low was ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method > acid enzyme solution extraction method > ultrasound-assisted extraction method > acid water extraction method. Among them,the content of solanine extract by ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method was the highest,with α-chaconine at 8.949 mg/g DW and α-solanine at 8.058 mg/g DW,the extraction rate reached 0.850%. Based on the response surface analysis,the optimized regression equation model was established（Y_{Total content}=2.64-0.56×A-0.31×B+0.20×C+0.19×AB-0.11×AC+0.53×BC-0.74×A²-0.59×B²-0.50×C²）. With the maximum total content as the optimization objective,the optimal conditions were predicted to be enzyme amount at 1.30%,enzymatic hydrolysis time of 1.35 h,and ethanol volume fraction of 70.40%. Under these conditions,the actual total content of solanine extract was 3.149 mg/g DW,the difference with the predicted total content of 2.814 mg/g DW was within 5%,confirming a good correlation between the predicted value and experimental values.【Conclusion】The method of extracting solanine from potato peel by ultrasound-combined enzyme extraction method was established for the first time.The optimal extraction method obtained by response surface analysis optimization is reasonable,and the extraction efficiency of this method is higher,which can be used for industrial extraction of solanine.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of different concentrations of gibberellin（GA）,melatonin（MT）,and salicylic acid（SA） priming treatments on the seeds germination and seedling growth of sugar beet,aiming to provide reference for the screening of sugar beet seed initiators.【Methods】Using the domestically bred sugar beet variety NT39106 as the experimental material,GA（50,100,200 and 300 mg/L）,MT（50,100,200 and 300 μmol/L） and SA（50,100,200 and 300 mg/L） priming treatments were applied for 8 h,with untreated seeds as the control（CK）. Seeds germination and seedling growth parameters of sugar beet were analyzed for each treatment.【Results】The germination potential and germination rate of sugar beet seeds under different concentrations of gibberellin（GA）,melatonin（MT）,and salicylic acid（SA） treatments were significantly higher than those of the CK（P<0.05）. With the increase of the concentration of the three initiators,the promoting effects on sugar beet seed germination exhibited a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing. Among them,the treatment with 100 mg/L GA demonstrated the best results,and the germination potential and germination rate were up to 91.00% and 93.67%,respectively,followed by the SA treatment,both surpassing the MT treatment. Compared with CK,different concentrations of GA,MT（except for the 300 μmol/L treatment） and SA treatments markedly increased the average bud length and fresh weight of sugar beet seedlings,particularly with the 100 mg/L GA treatment,which resulted in average bud length and fresh weight of 5.43 cm and 0.37 g/10 plants,respectively.【Conclusion】Priming sugar beet seeds with 100 mg/L gibberellin（GA）resulted in better germination performance and remarkably promoted seedling growth.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of different varied temperature conditions,gibberellin concentrations,and soaking times on the germination activity of Trollius chinensis Bunge seeds,and to provide reference for the screening of germination activity conditions and sowing of T. chinensis Bunge seeds.【Methods】The seeds of T. chinensis Bunge collected in 2021 as experimental materials were respectively soaked with different concentrations of gibberellin（0,100,250,500,800,1 000,1 500 mg/L） for 24 h and 48 h,and varied temperature conditions（15/5,20/10,25/15,25/20,30/20,30/25 ℃） were set to simulate field temperature changes for germination experiments. The germination time of the seeds of T. chinensis Bunge and the germination rate,germination potential,and germination index were analyzed under 25/20 ℃ varied temperature conditions in different gibberellin concentrations and soaking times and soaking for 24 h in different varied temperature conditions and gibberellin concentrations.【Results】The germination start time of T. chinensis Bunge seeds was shorter under the conditions of soaking in 250 mg/L gibberellin for 24 h and 48 h at 25/20 ℃,soaking in 250 mg/L gibberellin for 24 h at 30/25 ℃,and soaking in 800 and 1 000 mg/L gibberellin for 48 h at 30/25 ℃,all of which were 6 d. Under the varied temperature condition of 25/20 ℃,the germination rate,germination potential,and germination index of T. chinensis Bunge seeds soaked for 48 h in 500 and 800 mg/L gibberellin treatments were significantly higher than soaked for 24 h（P<0.05）;at the same soaking time,seeds treated with 250 and 500 mg/L gibberellin showed higher germination rate,germination potential,and germination index. Under soaking for 24 h and varied temperature conditions of 20/10,25/15 and 25/20 ℃,the germination rate,germination potential,and germination index of T. chinensis Bunge seeds treated with 250 mg/L gibberellin were significantly higher than those treated with other gibberellin concentrations（P<0.05）;under the treatment of 250 mg/L gibberellin,the germination rate,germination potential,and germination index of T. chinensis Bunge seeds at 25/20 ℃ were significantly higher than those under other varied temperature conditions（P<0.05）.【Conclusion】The sensitivity of germination of T. chinensis Bunge seeds is different in varied temperature conditions and gibberellin concentration treatments. Both excessively high and low temperature conditions,as well as treatment with gibberellin concentration,are not conducive to the seed germination of T. chinensis Bunge;under the conditions of 25/20 ℃,treating the seed of T. chinensis Bunge with 250 mg/L gibberellin for 24 h can better improve germination activity.

Millet has the value of diet therapy and medicinal use.This paper gives an overview of the nutritional components such as protein,fat,starch,dietary fiber,vitamins,minerals and the bioactive substances such as polysaccharides,polyphenols,yellow pigments,sterols in millet,and analyzes the special nutritional components,functions and development and application of millet,with the aim providing reference for better mining the comprehensive value of millet and utilizing millet resources.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with different types of organic fertilizers on potato yield in the dry farming area of the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia,providing a reference for potato cultivation in this region.【Methods】Five treatments were established,application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer（NPK）,NPK+liquid fertilizer（NPK+LM）,NPK+granular fertilizer（NPK+GM）,NPK+sheep dung fertilizer（NPK+SM）,and NPK+bio-organic fertilizer（NPK+BM）. The impact of these treatments on potato yield and its components,growth indicators,nutrient uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by plants,soil water use efficiency,and nutrient content in the plow layer soil were analyzed.【Results】The NPK+BM treatment resulted in the highest potato yield,commercial tuber yield,number of commercial tubers,individual tuber weight,and commercial tuber rate,which were 30.83 t/hm²,20.34 t/hm²,84 700 tubers/hm²,162.86 g/tuber,and 65.96%,respectively;during the tuber bulking stage,the plant height and leaf area index of potatoes were the highest,at 82.89 cm and 8.06,respectively,showing significant differences compared to the NPK treatment（P<0.05）;at harvest stage,the dry matter accumulation in the stems,leaves,and tubers of potatoes were the highest,at 75.51,67.36,and 145.81 g/plant,respectively;at harvest stage,the highest uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium by plants,at 296.83,36.09,and 285.92 kg/hm²,respectively. The NPK+LM treatment had the highest water use efficiency,at 128.95 kg/（hm²·mm）,followed by the NPK+BM treatment,at 113.87 kg/（hm²·mm）. The NPK+BM treatment had the highest soil fast-acting potassium content of 137.33 mg/kg,and higher soil effective phosphorus,alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen,and organic matter content of 25.53 mg/kg,88.68 mg/kg,and 22.95 g/kg,respectively.【Conclusion】The NPK+bio-organic fertilizer treatment can effectively promote the growth and development of potatoes,and enhance nutrient uptake efficiency,increase yield,playing a positive role in maintaining soil health. It can be considered a more suitable combination of organic fertilizers to partially replace chemical fertilizers in the dry farming area of the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different in-situ returning methods of pepper straw on the structure and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in soil.【Methods】Taking pepper straw as test materials,a field experiment was performed on the four treatments：non-straw returning（CK）,in-situ straw returning（C1）,in-situ straw returning+straw decomposition agent（C2）,and in-situ straw returning+lime-nitrogen（C3）. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform was used to conduct 16S rRNA and ITS high-throughput sequencing of soil bacteria and fungi.【Results】All the three in-situ straw returning methods significantly reduced the soil available phosphorus content（P<0.05） and significantly increased the soil pH value（P<0.05）. C1 and C2 treatments significantly reduced soil total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content and electrical conductivity（P<0.05）. C1 treatment significantly increased soil total phosphorus,and available potassium content（P<0.05）. C2 treatment significantly reduced soil available potassium content（P<0.05） and significantly increased soil organic matter content（P<0.05）. C3 treatment significantly increased soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available potassium, organic matter content and electrical conductivity（P<0.05）. The dominant bacterial genera（relative abundance≥5%） identified by different treatments were Sphingomonas,S0134_terrestrial_group,Longimicrobiaceae,and C3 treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Longimicrobiaceae（P<0.05）. The dominant fungal genera（relative abundance≥5%） identified by different treatments were Mortierella,Conocybe,Chaetomium,Myriococcum,Clitopilus,Panaeolus and Humicola. C1 treatment increased the relative abundance of Chaetomium,Myriococcum and Clitopilus,and decreased the relative abundance of Mortierella,Conocybe and Humicola. C2 treatment increased the relative abundance of Mortierella,Chaetomium and Panaeolus,and reduced the relative abundance of Conocybe,Myriococcum and Humicola. C3 treatment increased the relative abundance of Conocybe,Chaetomium and reduced the relative abundance of Mortierella,Myriococcum and Humicola.【Conclusion】Different in-situ returning methods of pepper straw affected soil microbial community structure and physicochemical properties to varying degrees. The effects of in-situ straw returning+straw decomposition agent and in-situ straw returning +lime-nitrogen treatment were better than that of direct in-situ straw returning treatment.

【Objective】To clarify the influence of pesticide types and residues on Xinjiang pepper,and explore the types and risk levels of pesticide residues in Xinjiang pepper.【Methods】52 samples from 9 counties（cities） in Xinjiang in 2023 were taken as research objects. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to detect pesticides residues in peppers. Acute and chronic dietary intake risk analysis were conducted to evaluate the level of harm of detected pesticide residues to pepper quality and safety.【Results】A total of 29 kinds of residual pesticides were detected in 52 samples,including 4 kinds of restricted and prohibited pesticides.The chronic dietary intake risk（%ADI） value of all pesticide residues was 0.000 000 01%-0.001 425 60%,and the acute dietary intake risk（%ARfD） value was 0.007 613 333%-19.820 044 440%,which was much lower than 100%. It indicated that the chronic and acute dietary risks of pesticide residues were extremely low and at a safe level. According to the analysis of the pesticide residue risk index,there were no high-risk samples among the 52 samples,only 4 medium risk samples,and the rest of the samples were at low risk level or below.【Conclusion】The overall risk of pesticide residue in Xinjiang pepper is relatively low,and the quality and safety situation is generally good,but it is still necessary to strengthen the standardized use and control of pesticides in the future.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different limited supplementary irrigation on the light response curve and yield of maize in the Loess Plateau region of Inner Mongolia,and determine the rational supplementary irrigation system of maize in this region.【Methods】 The experiment was conducted in Narin Orchard,Jungar Banner,Inner Mongolia from 2021 to 2022. Five supplementary irrigation amounts of 900 m³/hm²（W1）,1 050 m³/hm²（W2）,1 200 m³/hm²（W3）,1 350 m³/hm²（W4）,and 1 500 m³/hm²（CK） were set during the whole growth stage. The effects of different supplementary irrigation amounts on leaf area index,chlorophyll content,dry matter accumulation of maize during the whole growth stage,and light response curve of filling stage and yield were studied by 225 m³/hm² pre-seedling drip irrigation,150 m³/hm² drip irrigation at filling stage,and equal incremental drip irrigation（with an increasing gradient of 75 m³/hm²） at jointing stage and tasseling stage.【Results】Leaf area index,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and yield all increased first and then decreased with the increase of supplemental irrigation amount. With the development of growth stage,the leaf area index and chlorophyll content showed a parabolic shape,and the highest was found in the tasseling stage. During the two years,the leaf area index of maize under W3 treatment higher than W1,W2 treatment,and CK during the filling stage,average increases of 7.42%,3.85%,and 2.28% respectively;chlorophyll content under W3 treatment during filling stage and mature stage higher than W1,W2 treatment and CK,average increases of 9.73%,5.29%,and 13.19% respectively. In 2021,the dry matter accumulation of maize under W3 treatment was 1.89% lower than CK on average during tasseling stage,filling stage,and mature stage,while average reduction was 4.04% in 2022. In 2021 and 2022,W3 treatment maximum net photosynthetic rate increased by 12.00% and 7.69%,while apparent quantum efficiency increased of 7.55% and 19.57%,yield increased of 3.74% and 6.24% compared with CK,respectively.【Conclusion】Limited supplementary irrigation has a certain inhibitory effect on maize growth and development. W3 treatment（1 200 m³/hm²） showed significantly higher leaf area index,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and yield than CK,so it is a more appropriate supplemental irrigation amount for maize growth stage in the Loess Plateau region of Inner Mongolia.

【Objective】To explore the community structure and functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates in Wuyu′er River,Heilongjiang Province,and provide basic data for the protection of benthic macroinvertebrates resources in Wuyu′er River.【Methods】In October 2022,samples of benthic macroinvertebrates were collected from 12 sampling sites along Wuyu′er River. The species composition,community structure and functional feeding group distribution were analyzed,and the health status of Wuyu′er River ecosystem was evaluated using the functional feeding group evenness index（j_FD）.【Results】A total of 713 individuals of benthic macroinvertebrates were collected,belonging to 4 phyla,14 orders,25 families,and 51 species（genera）. The number of aquatic insect species was the most,with a total of 33 species（accounting for 64.71% of the total species）. The total average biomass and total average abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates in Wuyu′er River were 13.39 g/m² and 59.42 ind./m²,respectively. The dominant species were Palaemonetes sinensis,Orthoclidius sp.,Micronecta quadriseta and Chironomus sp.. The benthic macroinvertebrates community in Wuyu′er River could be divided into 4 groups,with very significant spatial differences（Global R=0.80,P<0.001）. The functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates in river basin were mainly gather-collectors（with a relative abundance accounts for 35.48% of the total species abundance）,followed by shredders,predators,scrapers and filter-collectors,with relative abundance were 25.39%,20.48%,13.04% and 5.61% of total species abundance,respectively. The average functional feeding group evenness index at 12 sampling sites was 0.72.【Conclusion】The functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates in Wuyu′er River in autumn were dominated by gather-collectors and the overall health status of the river ecosystem was good.