Abstract: Education not only acts a means of social development and cultural transmission but also performs the function of distributing social roles of human. The low enrollment rate and high dropout rate of girls＇ education in the rural area will fail them to secure better social roles in the future and they may even have no adequate accesses to the fruits of social development. The consequence is that such girls＇ survival will be directly affected. This thesis, in consideration of the phenomenon of the low enrollment rate and high dropout rate of rural girls＇ education in northwest china, makes a comprehensive analysis on factors influencing the enrollment and dropout of rural girls.