Abstract: Altica deserticola Weise is one of the important defoliator which distributed over the west area of Inner Mongolian.The effect of host plants on the larval development stage, adult mortality and the fecundity of A. deserticola were studied at laboratory. The results showed that the beetle fed on Salix matsudana had a shorter larval development stage, bigger body,but the fecundity was lower. The beetle fed on S. psammophila had a lower adult mortality, higher fecundity, a little longer larval development stage. The beetle fed on Populus simonii had a lower adult mortality, the lowest fecundity. On a word, S.psammophila was a better host plant of A. deserticola depanding assayed by standards of development speed, mortality and fecundity.