Abstract: Using satellite remote sensing data to calculate NDVI value of Ulanqab,recent ten years spatiotemporal characteristics of vegetation index were researched.The results showed that in recent ten years,the vegetation index of Ulanqab overall increased,but there were difference in spatial distribution.NDVI value change of month showed unimodal type,and the peak was in August and the trough was in January.Interannual variability of vegetation index characteristics was consistent with the variation trend of precipitation and annual rainfall was the main factor of the vegetation coverage inter annual fluctuation in the study area;spatial distribution of vegetation index was roughly divided into three major areas:low area(NDVI in 0~0.2),the median area(NDVI in 0.2~0.4);and the high area(NDVI>0.4),low areas are mainly distributed in the north desert grassland and this area are rainfall,frequent meteorological disasters;the median areas distribution are in the population intensive activities citis and surrounding areas;the high areas are mainly distributed in forestry and pastoral areas and this areas are abundant rainfall,and have enough temperature and light.