【Objective】To study the resistance performance of maize inbred line germplasm resources to southern corn rust,and provide resistant materials for the breeding of maize varieties resistant to southern corn rust.【Methods】The resistance of 64 maize inbred line germplasm resources to southern corn rust was identified by means of natural infection in spring sowing and artificial inoculation in summer sowing.【Results】There were significant differences in the resistance of different maize inbred lines to southern corn rust,among 64 materials artificially inoculated,the control inbred lines Qi 319 and Qi 318 were identified as high resistance to southern corn rust,while Chang 7-2 and Zheng 58 were identified as high susceptible to southern corn rust. The inbred lines H025B and K4321 were identified as highly resistant to southern corn rust,while H0836,H0841,ZMD22,ZMD41,ZMD103,and ZMD622 were identified as resistant to southern corn rust. Among all the identified germplasms,the percentages of highly resistant and resistant materials were 6.25% and 9.38%,respectively,while high susceptible and susceptible materials were 42.19% and 23.44%,respectively. 【Conclusion】Among the 64 maize inbred lines germplasm resources,inbred lines H025B,K4321,H0836,H0841,ZMD22,ZMD41,ZMD103,and ZMD622 showed high resistance and resistance to southern corn rust;the germplasm resources of maize inbred lines are susceptible to southern corn rust,which is more severe and common in maize,and there is a lack of antigens. However,there were high resistance resources to southern corn rust in existing inbred line germplasm resources,which can provide important antigens for breeding disease resistant varieties.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different row spacing configurations on agronomic traits,yield and quality of millet in western Henan,and to provide reference for high-yield cultivation technology in western Henan.【Methods】Field experiments were conducted using the main cultivated varieties Yugu 18 and Tiansu 10 in the region as materials. The agronomic traits,yield and nutritional quality of millet were analyzed by using a completely random block design and three row spacings,namely T1（23 cm+43 cm）,T2（16 cm+50 cm）and equal row spacing T3（30 cm+30 cm）.【Results】The plant height,leaf length and leaf width of Yugu 18 reached the maximum values of 103.90,39.46 and 3.28 cm under T2 treatment,respectively,and the plant height and leaf width were significantly higher than those of other treatments（P<0.05）;the internode length under panicle reached the maximum value of 13.06 cm under T2 treatment. Stem diameter,spike length,spike diameter and yield reached the maximum values under T1 treatment,which were 9.23 mm,21.17 cm,19.56 mm and 4 636.80 kg/hm²,respectively. Plant height,leaf length,leaf width,stem diameter,spike length,spike diameter and yield of Tiansu 10 reached the maximum values of 112.00 cm,45.80 cm,3.07 cm,8.77 mm,23.17 cm,17.60 mm and 4 680.40 kg/hm² under T1 treatment,respectively. The internode length under panicle reached the maximum value of 14.07 cm under T2 treatment. The path analysis showed that the most influential factor on the yield of Yugu 18 was spike diameter（0.485）,followed by spike length（0.209）. Spike diameter（0.527）,followed by stem diameter（0.348）,had the greatest impact on the yield of Tiansu 10. Grey correlation analysis showed that the importance of different row spacing to the nutritional quality indexes of Yugu 18 and Tiansu 10 was ranked as carbohydrate> crude protein>crude fat>crude ash>crude fiber.【Conclusion】 When the yield is the goal,the row spacing of millet in western Henan is T1（23 cm+43 cm）,which can increase the ear diameter;When the goal of nutritional quality is T2（16 cm+50 cm）,the row spacing is preferred,which can improve the nutritional quality.

【Objective】To reveal the expression patterns of the chemosensory protein gene OasiCSP4 of Oedaleus asiaticus during phase transition,laying a foundation for the research of OasiCSP4 gene function.【Methods】The male and female O. asiaticus were dissected into eight tissues,including head,thorax,abdomen,wing,antennae,forelegs,midlegs and hindlegs in the 0,1,6,12,24 and 72 h of the isolation of gregarious and the crowding of solitary. qRT-PCR technology was used to determine the expression patterns and expression trend of OasiCSP4 in male and female O. asiaticus at different times and in different tissues.【Results】In the isolation of gregarious O. asiaticus,the relative expression level of OasiCSP4 of male forelegs was significantly higher than that of other tissues（P<0.05）.Treatment for 0,6,24,72 h,the relative expression level of OasiCSP4 of female forelegs were also significantly higher than that of other tissues（P<0.05）. Treatment for 1 h,the relative expression level of OasiCSP4 of female head was the highest. Treatment for 12 h,the relative expression level of OasiCSP4 in the female midlegs were also significantly higher than that of other tissues（P<0.05）. The relative expression level of OasiCSP4 in male head,antennae and midlegs decreased with the prolongation of treatment time. Treatment for 6 h,the relative expression level of OasiCSP4 in male wing,forelegs and female head,wing,antennae and forelegs were the highest. During the crowding of solitary,the relative expression level of OasiCSP4 in the foreleg of female showed significant differences compared to other tissues （P<0.05）. Except for the high expression of OasiCSP4 in male midlegs at 0,1,and 72 hours of treatment,it was highly expressed in male forelegs at all other treatment times.The relative expression levels of OasiCSP4 in male heads,wings,and female and male antennae,forelegs decreased with prolonged treatment time,with the highest relative expression levels observed in female heads and midlegs after 6 hours of treatment.【Conclusion】Chemosensory protein gene OasiCSP4 was differentially expressed during the phase transition in O. asiaticus.

Nanopore sequencing is the third generation sequencing（TGS） technology based on single molecule. It has the characteristics of no amplification,easy to carry,real-time sequencing,ultra long reading length,direct sequencing of RNA,and detection of base modification. In recent years,nanopore sequencing technology has developed rapidly and has been widely applied in molecular plant breeding fields such as plant genome resequencing,whole genome,transcriptomics,organelle genomics,and epigenetic transcriptomics. The article elaborates on the research status and application prospects of nanopore sequencing technology in potato breeding at home and abroad,in order to provide new ideas for the high-quality development of China′s potato industry.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different straw returning methods on soil bacterial community in Tumochuan Plain irrigation area.【Methods】Four corn straw returning modes including subsoiling returning straw（SSR）,deep spin returning straw（SCR）,deep tillage returning straw（DPR）,no-tillage returning straw（NTR）,and farmer′s shallow rotation（CK）were the positioning tests. Soil bacterial community diversity was investigated by 16S rDNA amplicon high-throughput sequencing technology,and its correlation with soil physicochemical properties,enzyme activities were analyzed.【Results】There were significant effects in soil bacterial diversity and community composition among different straw returning treatments（P<0.05）,in which,NTR treatment significantly enhanced the abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and Firmicutes（P<0.05）,the abundance of Chloroflexi in DPR treatment was significantly increased（P<0.05）,and the abundance of Actinobacteria was decreased. That the straw returing treatments could significantly improve the soil physicochemical properties and increase soil enzyme activities,among which SSR treatment had the most significant improvement effect（P<0.05）. RDA analysis found that the main physicochemical properties that drive the composition of the soil bacterial community were alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available potassium,cation exchange capacity,compaction and bulk density,Arthrobacter,Gaiella,Solirorobacter,Streptomyces were susceptible to soil environmental factors.【Conclusion】The straw returning has a positive effect on the improvement of the soil biological community in the Tumochuan Plain irrigation area.

【Objective】To explore the effects of biochar and organic fertilizer combined application on the chemical properties,nutrient content,and sunflower yield of saline-alkali soil in Hetao Irrigation District,Inner Mongolia,and provide reference for soil improvement and utilization in the region.【Methods】The experiment was conducted from June to October,2022 at the Hetao College Experimental Base in Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Five treatments were set up,including no fertilization and biochar（CK）,conventional chemical fertilizer application by farmers（CF）,conventional chemical fertilizer application combined with biochar（CFC）,30% organic fertilizer replacement chemical fertilizer with biochar（MFC） and 50% organic fertilizer replacement chemical fertilizer with biochar（OFC）. The effects of each treatment on the pH value,EC,CEC,ESP,soluble salt ion content,nutrient content,and sunflower yield of saline-alkali soil were analyzed.【Results】Compared with CK,no significant differences in soil pH values（P>0.05）. Soil EC was significantly reduced by 83%,78%,73% in the CFC,MFC,OFC treatments（P<0.05）,respectively.Soil CEC was significantly increased by 38%,57%,53%（P<0.05）. Soil ESP was significantly reduced by 40%,36% in the MFC,OFC treatments（P<0.05）. MFC and OFC treatments soil K⁺ content was significantly increased by 100% and 138%（P<0.05）,Ca²⁺ content was significantly increased by 61% and 66%（P<0.05）,Mg²⁺ content was significantly increased by 71% and 238%（P<0.05）,SO₄^2- content was significantly increased by 11% and 12%（P<0.05）,Na⁺ content was significantly decreased by 6% and 3%（P<0.05）. CFC,MFC,and OFC treatments soil nutrient content was significantly improved（P<0.05）. The MFC treatment had the highest soil total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,rapidly available phosphorus,rapidly available potassium content,at 1.13,69.33,11.74,156.46 mg/kg,respectively. The OFC treatment had the highest soil total phosphorus and organic matter content,at 0.49 and 13.44 g/kg,respectively. Single panicle grain weight of sunflower was significantly increased by 30%（P<0.05） and hundred-grain weight by 22%（P<0.05） in the MFC treatment,leading to a highest yield,at 3 362.26 kg/hm².【Conclusion】30% organic fertilizer replacement chemical fertilizer with biochar could significantly increase the CEC,K⁺,Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺ content and nutrient content,and significantly reduce the soil EC,ESP and SO₄^2-、Na⁺ content,the sunflower yield isignificantly increase. It is suitable for the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soil in Hetao Irrigation District,Inner Mongolia.

Wheat is one of the important food crops globally and has significant implications for the development of China economy. Soil salinization can induce high pH stress，osmotic stress，ionic toxicity and oxidative damage in wheat，which inhibit the normal physiological and metabolic activities of wheat，leading to the limitation of its growth and development and reduction of yield. The article summarizes the effects of saline and alkaline stresses on growth，cell structure and physiology and biochemistry of wheat，and describes the response mechanism of wheat to saline and alkaline stresses，with the aim of providing reference for improving the saline-alkali tolerance of wheat.

【Objective】Study the dynamic accumulation and distribution differences characteristics of protein,fat,and starch content in spring sowing and summer sowing maize grains,this could provide a reference for the breeding and production of specialized high-quality maize varieties.【Methods】Zhuyu 216,Zhuyu 902,Zhuyu 927,Zhengdan 958,and Yufeng 303 were chosen as the experiment material. The grains within the ear were collected 12 days after pollination,collected grains every 7 days,dry them to constant weight,maize grains protein,fat,and starch content were rapidly detected by near-infrared spectroscopy,to analyse the correlation between the dynamic accumulation of maize grains protein,fat,and starch,and to compare the differences in the dynamic accumulation and distribution of protein,fat,and starch content between spring sowing and summer sowing.【Results】The protein content of maize grains decreased sharply in spring sowing and then stable variation,while it increased again in summer sowing,showed a wave like pattern;the fat content of maize grains in spring sowing and summer sowing first increased and then decreased,the starch content of maize grains in spring sowing and summer sowing increased gradually with grain development,the total protein and fat content in spring sowing and summer sowing maize grains gradually decreased overall. The accumulation rate dynamic of protein,fat,and starch in spring sowing and summer sowing grains showed a zigzag pattern. The distribution of maize grains protein,fat,and starch showed an overall pattern of starch>protein>other>fat from 12 to 19 days after pollination of spring sowing,From 26 to 47 days after pollination,it basically showed starch>other>protein>fat.After pollination 12-18 days of summer sowing,the overall appearance showed starch>protein>other>fat,from 19 to 47 days after pollination,the basic appearance was starch>other>protein>fat. Correlation analysis showed a highly significant positive correlation between the dynamic accumulation of protein,fat,and starch（P<0.01）.【Conclusion】The dynamic accumulation and distribution of grains protein,fat,and starch of Zhuyu 216,Zhuyu 902,Zhuyu 927,Zhengdan 958,and Yufeng 303 in spring sowing and summer sowing were greatly affected by the environment. The dynamic accumulation of maize grains protein,fat,and starch showed a highly significant positive correlation with each other.

【Objective】To reveal the effects of host plant metabolites on the feeding intake and preference of Galeruca daurica.【Methods】6 metabolites of the host plant of G. daurica（including 3 secondary metabolites,namely isoquercitrin,isoflavone and rutin,respectively,and 3 primary metabolites,namely D-galactose,β-D-glucose and L-rhamnose）were selected,and soaked in 10% DMSO solution to prepare 6 metabolite treatment solutions of 0.01 mmol/L（low concentration）,0.10 mmol/L （medium concentration）,and 1.00 mmol/L（high concentration） in chives,to feed G. daurica. The treatment soaked in 10% DMSO solution in chives was used as the control group. The food intake of different host metabolites by G. daurica（larvae,adults） was measured. The binomial leaf dish selection method was used to study the feeding preference on different host plant metabolites and different concentration treatment groups.【Results】The food intake of larvae on the high concentration isoquercetin treatment was significantly less than control（P<0.05）,whereas the food intakes of larvae on the middle and high concentration L-rhamnose treatments were significantly more than control（P<0.05）. The food intakes of adults on the low and middle concentration isoflavone,and low and high concentration L-rhamnose treatments were significantly more than control（P<0.05）. The feeding preference of larvae on the middle and high concentration isoflavone,high concentration rutin,and low concentration β-D-glucose treatments were significantly less than control（P<0.05）,whereas the feeding preference of larvae on the low concentration L-rhamnose treatment was extremely significantly more than control（P<0.01）. The feeding preference of adults on the high concentration isoquercetin treatment group was extremely significantly more than control（P<0.01）,whereas the feeding preference indices of adults on the high concentration isoflavone,rutin and D-galactose treatments were much significantly less than control（P<0.01）.【Conclusion】Effects of host plant metabolites on feeding by G. daurica depend on their kinds,contents,and developmental stages of G. daurica.

【Objectives】To clarify the predatory function of Neoseiulus barkeri lambda-cyhalothrin resistant and susceptible strains on Tetranychus urticae and explore its potential for prevention and control.【Methods】The predatory function and searching efficiency of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance and sensitive strains of Neoseiulus barkeri female adult mite against Tetranychus urticae eggs,nymphs and adult mites were determined by observation units methods under laboratory conditions.【Results】The predatory function types of the lambda-cyhalothrin resistance and sensitive strains of Neoseiulus barkeri against Tetranychus urticae were all Holling-II,and the predation amount of eggs,nymphs and adult mites of Tetranychus urticae had the same change trend,which increased with the increase of prey density,and the predation amount reached the maximum and then tended to be balanced. The handling time of the resistant strain to Tetranychus urticae eggs and adult mites was 0.017 7 d and 0.026 9 d respectively,which were shorter than the sensitive strain（0.018 8 d and 0.029 5 d）;and the attack rates were 2.253 6 and 1.158 6,respectively,which were faster than the sensitive strain（2.302 9 and 1.629 2）. The predation ability（a/T_h） and searching efficiency of the resistance strain to Tetranychus urticae eggs and adult mites were better than the sensitive strain.【Conclusion】The lambda-cyhalothrin resistant strain of Neoseiulus barkeri has very good predation ability to Tetranychus urticae eggs and adult mites,and can be used together with reducing chemicals to control Tetranychus urticae in the field.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis on the growth,photosynthetic characteristics,and antioxidant enzyme activity of Malus micromalus Makino seedlings.【Methods】A pot experiment was conducted on Malus micromalus Makino seedlings as experimental subjects,with four treatments,application of sterile water（CK）,inoculation of T. harzianum suspension（TH）,inoculation of B. subtilis suspension（BS）,and mixed inoculation of T. harzianum suspension and B. subtilis suspension（TB）. The effects of growth indicators,leaf SPAD values,gas exchange parameters,antioxidant enzyme activity,and malondialdehyde（MDA） content of Malus micromalus Makino seedlings were analyzed at 30 and 60 days after inoculation.【Results】TH,BS and TB treatments all promoted the growth,photosynthesis,and antioxidant enzyme activity of Malus micromalus Makino seedlings,with TB treatment showing the best effect. Compared with CK,after 30 and 60 days of inoculation,TB treatment significantly increased seedling plant height,stem diameter,number of leaves,aboveground dry weight,root dry weight,and root length by 16.52%,7.43%,23.81%,13.71%,21.44%,31.06% and 16.27%,16.54%,18.06%,9.36%,15.41%,24.18%,respectively（P<0.05）;the SPAD values of seedling leaves significantly increased by 13.38% and 10.85%（P<0.05）;the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,and intercellular CO₂ concentration of seedling leaves significantly increased by 14.08%,14.08%,31.03%,9.84%and 11.88%,27.13%,14.95%,10.92%,respectively（P<0.05）;the activities of peroxidase activity,phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity,superoxide dismutase activity,catalase activity,and polyphenol oxidase activity significantly increased by 20.93%,30.10%,42.00%,21.52%,23.71%,and 21.21%,22.52%,35.39%,18.18%,and 18.11%,respectively（P<0.05）;after 60 days of inoculation,the MDA content significantly decreased by 9.54%（P<0.05）.【Conclusion】Mixed inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis can effectively promote the growth of Malus micromalus Makino seedlings,increase chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate,and enhance antioxidant enzyme activity.

【Objective】To explore the plant flora and community diversity of Canglong Island National Wetland Park,and provide background data for park construction and maintenance.【Methods】The plant resources in the Canglong Island National Wetland Park were investigated using line survey and ecological sample methods. The plant flora types were classified according to the distribution types of plant families,genera,and species. The Patrick richness index,Simpson diversity index,Shannon-Weiner diversity index,and Pielou evenness index were used to analyze the species diversity of typical plant communities.【Results】There were a total of 190 species belonging to 162 genera and 78 families of plants in the park. Among them,78 families could be divided into 10 distribution types and 2 distribution variants,162 genera could be divided into 14 distribution types and 5 distribution variants,and 190 species could be divided into 5 distribution types. The proportion of tropical distribution types was slightly higher than that of temperate distribution types. There were 26 typical plant communities in the park,with Patrick richness index ranging from 4 to 26,Simpson diversity index ranging from 0.431 4 to 0.925 8,Shannon-Weiner diversity index ranging from 0.961 1 to 2.916 8,and Pielou evenness index ranging from 0.461 5 to 0.938 0.【Conclusion】The plant species composition in the Canglong Island National Wetland Park is relatively rich,and the vegetation community types are diverse. The tropical attributes of the plant flora are slightly higher than the temperate attributes,which is in line with the characteristics of the subtropical climate zone where the park is located.

【Objective】To study the non-destructive estimation of spring wheat SPAD value by UAV remote sensing technology,and establish a model for spring wheat SPAD value estimation on a small field scale.【Methods】A multispectral UAV was used to acquire spring wheat canopy multispectral data in 2022 in Hetao region of Inner Mongolia,and 5 vegetation indices were extracted. The correlation between vegetation indices and plant SPAD values was analyzed,and support vector regression（SVR）,partial least squares regression（PLSR）,and random forest regression（RFR） were combined to construct SPAD value estimation models for key growth periods of spring wheat. The optimal SPAD value estimation models for each period were selected.【Results】The optimal model was determined by pairing with 5 vegetation indices,and all 15 combination methods were able to estimate SPAD values during the jointing,heading,flowering,and filling stages of spring wheat. Comparing the optimal models of 3 modeling methods,it was found that the NDVI+RFR model had the highest accuracy and good robustness in estimating the SPAD value of spring wheat,with R²=0.96 and RMSE=0.19.【Conclusion】It is feasible to use UAV to estimate the SPAD value of spring wheat, and the optimal model is the NDVI+RFR model.