【Objective】In order to effectively improve the processing quality of sugar beet monogerm seeds pelleting and explore the cleaning process of monogerm seeds,provide theoretical reference for seed pelleting of sugar beet monogerm.【Methods】By setting different test parameters,the effects of original seed size classification,grinding times,grinding conditions,specific gravity screening and water selection on the quality of sugar beet monogerm seeds were compared and analyzed.【Results】The graded treatment of original seeds could improve the uniformity of beet seed grain size and significantly improve the germination rate,compared with the original seeds without graded treatment（P<0.05）. After screening and grading,the germination rate of the polished and regrinding seed was significantly higher（P<0.05） than that of the original seeds（particle size 4.75-5.25 mm）,and the germination rate of the grinding twice was the highest 89.30%,which was significantly higher than that of the regrinding once and other polished seeds（P<0.05）. The 1 000-grain weight and peeling rate of the seeds after grinding treatment were significantly different from that of the original unpolished seeds（P<0.05）. The screening results of different grinding conditions indicated that in the grinding intensity treatment,the germination potential and germination rate of different grinding intensity grades of 2.0-2.5 mm,2.5-3.0 mm,3.0-3.5 mm were significantly different（P<0.05）,and the frequency of 35 Hz was significantly higher than that of 40 Hz（P<0.05）. The frequency of 35 Hz,time 3 min and 45 Hz and time 1 min had high germination rate,which was suitable for sugar beet monogerm seed grinding. The specific gravity screening results show that the germination rate and 1 000-grain weight of specific weight 2 were the highest,at 85.00% and 9.62 g. In them,the germination rate was significantly higher than that of other seeds except for specific gravity 3（P<0.05）,and the 1 000-grain weight was significantly higher than that of other treatment（P<0.05）. In water selection test,it showed that the germination potential and germination rate after water selection+back drying 18 h were the highest,with 91.25% and 92.75% respectively,which were significantly higher than other drying conditions（P<0.05）,and the water content at this time was 10%.【Conclusion】After a series of cleaning processes such as impurity removal,grading,polishing,specific gravity screening,and water selection,the germination rate of the original seeds of sugar beet monogerm seeds can be effectively improved,which is helpful for the promotion and application of sugar beet monogerm seeds pellet technology.

【Objective】To screen autumn sowing hybrid combinations of welsh onion with excellent traits.【Methods】Hybrid combinations of welsh onion H2201,H2202,H2203,H2204,H2205,H2206,H2207,H2208,H2209,H2210,H2211,H2212,H2213,H2214 and H2215 bred by Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences were used as experimental materials. Shandong welsh onion（CK1）and Neicong No. 2（CK2） were used as controls to compare the agronomic traits and quality indexes of different hybrid combinations of welsh onion,and the case ranking method was used for comprehensive evaluation.【Results】Among the agronomic traits,plant height,weight per plant and yield of H2214 were the highest,which were 113.97 cm,307.34 g and 63 620.14 kg/hm²,respectively. The transverse diameter pseudo-stem of H2204 was the largest,which was 2.56 cm. The pseudo-stem length of H2201 was the largest,which was 48.83 cm. Among the quality indexes,the allicin content of H2214 was the highest,which was 2.19 μg/g FW. The soluble sugar content of H2204 was the higher which was 89.60 mg/g FW. The vitamin C content of H2211 was the higher which was 118.57 μg/g FW. The crude protein content and vitamin C content of H2207 were the higher,which were 156.54 mg/g FW and 164.89 μg/g FW,respectively. Among the 15 hybrid combinations of welsh onion,the top 5 in comprehensive evaluation were H2214,H2204,H2211,H2207 and H2201.【Conclusion】The hybrid combinations of welsh onion with better comprehensive evaluation were H2214,H2204,H2211,H2207 and H2201,among which H2214 was better.

【Objective】To clarify the phylogenetic relationship and diversity of Morchella esculents germplasm resources,and to provide reference for the selection and breeding of new varieties adapted to the cultivation in the western region of Inner Mongolia.【Methods】8 Morchella esculents strains（A3,Zhao′erliu,Yangguifei,Jinqiu,DY008,A Lu,001 and Neishilin）were used as experimental materials,ISSR molecular marker technology was used to perform cluster analysis and genetic diversity comparison on 8 strains of Morchella esculents.【Results】Eight Morchella esculents strains were detected by PCR using 100 ISSR primers,12 ISSR primers were selected,and 76 DNA bands were amplified. There were 59 effective bands,and the polymorphism ratio was 75.83%. The gene diversity index （H） was 0.206 6,and Shannon′s information index（I） was 0.330 0. The maximal variation of genetic distance was 1.072 6. When the GS value was about 0.38,the strains were divided into 5 groups.【Conclusion】There was significant genetic variability among the tested Morchella esculents strains.

【Objective】To screen the tomato germplasm resistance to Tomato masaic virus（ToMV）,Tomato spotted wilt virus（TSWV） and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus（TYLCV）,and lay a foundation for tomato antiviral breeding in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.【Methods】Using six-leaf stage tomato leaves as experimental materials,59 tomato germplasms were analyzed for their resistance to ToMV,TSWV,and TYLCV,and DNA extraction and molecular marker detection were performed.【Results】Nine varieties demonstrated resistance to TYLCV,including 1 cherry tomato,1 strawberry tomato,and 7 fresh tomatoes. Five varieties demonstrated resistance to TSWV,including 3 cherry tomatoes and 2 strawberry tomatoes. Fourteen varieties demonstrated resistance to ToMV,including 3 strawberry tomatoes and 11 fresh tomatoes.【Conclusion】In the 59 tomato germplasms,fresh tomatoes resistant to viruses accounted for 30.51%,strawberry tomatoes accounted for 10.17%,and cherry tomatoes accounted for 6.78%;There were 14 ToMV-resistant germplasms,5 TSWV-resistant germplasms,and 9 TYLCV-resistant germplasms,so 47.46% of the germplasms contained disease resistance genes.

【Objective】To analyze the genetic law and gene mapping of powdery mildew resistance in seed-used pumpkin in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,and provide reference for parental breeding of seed-used pumpkin resistant varieties.【Methods】13 international identified melon hosts were used to identify the physiological race of powdery mildew.Six-generation populations were constructed with powdery mildew resistant varieties M2 as the maternal parent and powdery mildew susceptible varieties F4 as the paternal parent. The genetic law of powdery mildew resistance in seed-used pumpkin were analyzed by chi-square fitness test. The resistant and susceptible pool and two parental pools were created through the F2 segregating population,and the resistant genes were initially mapped using BSA-seq and InDel molecular marker.【Results】The physiological race of powdery mildew in seed-used pumpkin was 2US;the genetic characteristics of F2 segregating population plants were normally distributed and showed quantitative traits,and powdery mildew resistant traits were controlled by a pair of single dominant genes. Seed-used pumpkin powdery mildew resistant genes were linked to three related candidate regions with a total length of 3.41 Mb and containing 468 genes. In the candidate region,the powdery mildew resistant gene of seed-used pumpkin was mapped to the tenth linkage group,and the two linkage markers were pm10-8 and pm10-1.【Conclusion】The powdery mildew resistant gene in seed-used pumpkin was located between marker pm10-8 and marker pm10-1,and the genetic distance from the two flanking markers was 20.5 cM and 17.1 cM,respectively. There were 27 candidate genes in this region.

【Objective】To purify and identify the allelopathic substances from Artemisia annua extract.【Methods】The experiment used purified water as a solvent to extract chemical components from the roots,stems,and leaves of Artemisia annua,and quantitatively determined the acidic,neutral,and alkaline components using GC-MS.【Results】Different substances were detected in different parts of Artemisia annua extract,among which 38 acidic components were detected,roots contained the most types（20 types）;There were 21 neutral components,stems contained the most types（10 types）;There were 21 alkaline components,leaves contained the most types（9 types）. The roots and stems contain a significant amount of organic acids and alkenes,such as 5-（1-methylethylene）-1,3-cyclopentadiene,2,3-dioxodiacetylbutyronitrile,and cisbicyclo[4.2.0] octan-3,7-diene.【Conclusion】The roots and stems of Artemisia annua may be the main sites for the production of allelopathic substances,with products mostly consisting of organic acids and alkenes.

【Objective】To establish a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method for the effective components of chickpea flavonoids,and evaluate the in vitro pharmacological effects of chickpeas and chickpea total flavonoids through antibacterial tests.【Methods】Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography was used for analysis,Zorbax SB-C₁₈（4.6 mm×150.0 mm,5 μm）column was used,with mobile phase A（methanol）∶B（0.5% phosphoric acid aqueous solution）=45∶55. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min for equal elution,and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The precision,stability,repeatability and sample recovery were verified by HPLC. Filter paper diffusion method,Oxford cup method and micro broth dilution method were used to investigate the antibacterial effect of chickpea（100 mg/mL） and chickpea total flavonoids（20 mg/mL）.【Results】After equal elution,three flavonoids,rutin,naringin dihydrochalcone,and quercetin were well separated,and their chromatographic peaks showed good separation within 30 min,with a linear range of 0.003 75-0.060 00 mg/mL（R²=0.996-0.999）. The stability and repeatability test results indicate that,the content of rutin was 0.032 mg/g,and the content of naringin dihydrochalcone was 0.052 mg/g,quercetin was not detected. In the antibacterial effect experiment,the filter paper diffusion method and Oxford cup method did not appear bacteriostatic circle,and the pore plates of the micro broth dilution method bacteriostatic experiment were muddy.【Conclusion】The reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method used in this experiment has certain reliability and is suitable for the separation and determination of two flavonoids,rutin and naringin dihydrochalcone in chickpeas. Through the verification of three antibacterial methods,chickpea and chickpea total flavonoids did not have obvious antibacterial effect.

【Objective】To constructed the quality evaluation methods of Epimedii Folium from different sources.【Methods】High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was used to determine the four flavonoids of epimedin A,epimedin B,epimedin C and icariin of the 30 batches of Epimedii Folium samples. The content of total flavonoids in the samples were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer（UV）,and the alcohol soluble extract and total ash were also measured. Using grey relational analysis（GRA） combined with SPSS 27.0 and Simca 14.1 software for principal component analysis and cluster analysis,evaluate the quality of Epimedii Folium from different sources.【Results】The optimal reference sequence correlation,the worst reference sequence correlation and the relative correlation of the 30 batches of Epimedii Folium samples were 0.26-0.62,0.35-0.76 and 0.27-0.63,respectively. The results of principal component analysis show that the eigenvalues of the three principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1 were 3.179,1.964 and 1.185,respectively. The variance contribution rates were 39.733%,24.554% and 14.818%,respectively. The cumulative variance interpretation rate was 79.102%. In the cluster analysis,when the square Euclidean distance was 5,the samples were divided into 6 categories.【Conclusion】The GRA method combined with SPSS 27.0 and Simca 14.1 can evaluate the quality of Epimedii Folium comprehensively and reliably.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers on soil water and nitrogen use efficiency,as well as potato growth,development,and yield,and to reveal the mechanism of soil moisture retention and yield increase of different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers in potato fields in the agricultural pastoral transitional zone of northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】The local dominant potato variety Huasong No. 7 grown in the agricultural pastoral transitional zone of northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia was used as the test material. In 2022 and 2023,under the condition of balanced application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers,a total of seven nitrogen application types were set up,including zero nitrogen fertilizer（CK）,traditional nitrogen fertilizer level（NPK）,80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level（RN）,80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of water-soluble fertilizer（RN+WF）,80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of decomposed sheep manure（RN+SM）,80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of bio-organic fertilizer（RN+BM）,80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of control-released urea（RN+RUN）. Analyzed the impacts of replacing partial chemical nitrogen fertilizer with different fertilizers on the vertical distribution of soil moisture in 0-80 cm soil layer as well as potato growth and development,yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency.【Results】In 2022 and 2023,lower soil moisture in 0-80 cm soil layer was observed in the different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers treatments compared with that of CK. RN+SM treatment had the highest soil water consumption of potato fields in the whole growth period,which was 5.14% and 6.59% higher than that of CK,respectively. RN+SM treatment had the highest dry matter accumulation per plant of potato in the whole growth period,which was increased by 19.70% and 18.93% compared with CK,respectively. The potato yields of different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers treatments were significantly elevated compared with CK（P<0.05）,and the yield increase ranged from 3.40% to 23.73%,and the most obvious increase in RN+SM treatment. The water use efficiency and partical-factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer of potatoes treated with different fertilizers replacing partical chemical nitrogen fertilizers were highest in RN+SM treatment,with water use efficiency increased by 17.68% and 44.71% compared to CK,and partical-factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 36.78% and 42.38% compared to NPK.【Conclusion】The 80% of traditional nitrogen fertilizer level+20% of decomposed sheep manure can increase the dry matter accumulation per plant of potato,improve potato yield,soil water and nitrogen use efficiency,it is an ideal fertilization model for potato planting in the agricultural pastoral transitional zone of northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.

【Objective】To explore the changes in rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties and mirobial community under continuous cropping of spinach.【Methods】The physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soil of spinach planted for 1 year （1Y） and continuously planted for 2 years（2Y） were measured,and the microbial community in the rhizosphere soil was analyzed using PacBio full-length diversity sequencing. The changes in bacterial and fungal microbial communities in the 2Y and 1Y soils were compared,and the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities was studied using redundancy analysis.【Results】Highly significant changes in soil physicochemical properties after continuous cropping（P<0.05）,and the pH value and the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,ammonium nitrogen,organic matter,and microbial biomass carbon were significantly higher in the 2Y soil than in the 1Y soil（P<0.05）,the electrical conductivity and the contents of total potassium,available potassium,and nitrate nitrogen were significantly lower than those in the 1Y soil（P<0.05）. The redundancy analysis showed that the total potassium was the main factor influencing the rhizosphere soil microbial communities under spinach continuous cropping. The microbial community of the 2Y soil Chao1 index,Richness index,Shannon index,and ACE index were higher than those of 1Y soil. Among which pathogen related to carbon and nitrogen cycle,cellulose degradation,pesticides and plastic degradation and Fusarium associated pathogen content increased significantly in 2Y soil（P<0.05）,while the content of Lysobacter biocontrol bacteria with antagonistic activity was significantly decreased（P<0.05）.【Conclusion】The rhizosphere soil of spinach under 2Y continuous planting showed significant changes in physicochemical properties,with an increase of pathogen content and a decrease of biocontrol bacteria content.

【Objective】To explore the dynamic development model and characteristic parameters of leaf length and leaf width of maize inbred line resistant to southern corn rust based on effective accumulated temperature,and to quantitatively describe the dynamic development process of leaf length and leaf width by using the effective accumulated temperature as the step unit.【Methods】By using maize inbred lines H0836 and H0841 resistant to southern corn rust as experimental materials,field experiments were conducted of spring sowing and summer sowing in 2023. A Logistic model for the dynamic development of maize inbred line leaf length and leaf width was constructed based on effective accumulated temperature,and the model was tested by field measured values.【Results】The dynamic development of leaf length and leaf width of maize inbred lines planted of spring sowing and summer sowing showed a one-way increasing S-shaped trend with the effective accumulated temperature. The Logistic model of maize inbred line leaf length and leaf width based on effective accumulated temperature had the good practical biological significance,with determination coefficients R² of 0.973 7-0.993 3 and 0.975 5-0.996 8,respectively,and the standardized root mean square errors nRMSE were 3.49%-9.31% and 2.10%-7.58%,respectively,all less than 10%. The measured values were evenly distributed on both sides of the simulated curve,and were very close to the simulated curve,reaching an excellent predictive level. The effective accumulated temperature required for the rapid increase period of leaf length and leaf width in spring sowing maize and summer sowing maize inbred lines were 218.16-302.15 ℃·d and 150.95-237.07 ℃·d,respectively. The accumulated temperature required to reach the maximum growth rate were 492.52-533.44 ℃·d and 464.51-549.57 ℃·d,respectively. The average growth rate in rapid increase period were 0.051 5-0.078 9 cm/（℃·d） and 0.004 6-0.006 6 cm/（℃·d）,respectively.【Conclusion】The Logistic model has good prediction and interpretation for the dynamic development of maize inbred line leaf length and leaf width based on effective accumulated temperature,and has great utilization value.

【Objective】To obtain a strain that can degrade the stem of Chuzhou Chrysanthemum morifolium（chuju） and develop an applied bactericide for stem maturation.【Methods】Samples were taken from the Chuzhou Chrysanthemum morifolium（chuju） planting field in Chuzhou City,Anhui Province,and the primary screening was conducted by Congo red staining and filter paper disintegration test,the cellulase activity and filter paper enzyme activity were rescreened to obtain the strains in situ,the physiological,biochemical and 16S rDNA identification of the strains were performed,the degradation rate of Chuzhou Chrysanthemum morifolium（chuju） stem was determined by filter paper disintegration test and solid state fermentation.【Results】A total of 20 strains capable of degrading cellulose were obtained after screening. Strain N3 was Gram-positive Bacillus with 99.54% homology to Bacillus pumilus. The strain had disintegration effect on filter paper,and the enzyme activity of filter paper was 33.00 U/mL. After 7 days of fermentation culture,the stem degradation rate of Chuzhou Chrysanthemum morifolium（chuju） stem was 41.50%,which was 6.63 times higher than that of the control.【Conclusion】The identified strain N3 was Bacillus pumilus,and has the potential to be developed as a microbial agent for Chuzhou Chrysanthemum morifolium（chuju） stem compost.

Dioscorea opposita Thunb.,also known as yam,is a traditional medicinal and edible crop. Chinese yam polysaccharides are the main active substances in yam,which have effects such as lowering blood sugar,regulating immunity,antioxidation,and anti-tumor. The article summarizes the extraction methods of Chinese yam polysaccharides,discusses the biological activity of Chinese yam polysaccharides,and its research was prospected. In order to provide reference for promoting the production and application of Chinese yam polysaccharides.