16种植物性饲料原料中黄曲霉毒素B1、T-2毒素、赭曲霉毒素A、伏马毒素（B1+B2）污染调查检测及控制建议

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2021.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为掌握黄曲霉毒素B₁、T-2毒素、赭曲霉毒素A、伏马毒素（B₁+B₂）在植物性饲料原料中的污染状况,指导帮助饲料企业和养殖企业开展霉菌毒素防控,降低霉菌毒素对饲料产品质量及畜禽养殖产品危害,减少经济损失,2020年对16种60份植物性饲料原料进行调查采样,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法、免疫亲和柱净化-高效液相色谱法检测,依据《饲料卫生标准》（GB 13078-2017）判定分析。结果表明：黄曲霉毒素B₁、T-2毒素、赭曲霉毒素A、伏马毒素（B₁+B₂）在16种植物性饲料原料中的污染状况不同。黄曲霉毒素B₁、赭曲霉毒素A、伏马毒素（B₁+B₂）检出率分别为13.30%、1.60%、31.60%,最大检测值分别为318.00 μg/kg、5.70 μg/kg、50.66 mg/kg;T-2毒素检出率为0。黄曲霉毒素B₁、赭曲霉毒素A、伏马毒素（B₁+B₂）3种霉菌毒素在16种植物性饲料原料中存在污染,整体污染率33.30%;2种植物性饲料原料中黄曲霉毒素B₁超标,其他原料无超标,污染率与超标率不成正比,表明霉菌毒素在植物性饲料原料中污染普遍,对饲料产品、养殖产品及消费安全造成严重影响和潜在危害。针对该问题,提出确保植物性饲料原料质量安全建议,为今后控制饲料原料中霉菌毒素污染提供参考。

关键词: 植物性饲料原料, 霉菌毒素, 污染状况调查, 检测分析, 控制建议

Abstract: This study aimed to understand the pollution status of aflatoxin B₁, T-2 toxin, ochratoxin A and fumonisins （B₁+B₂） in plant origin feed raw materials, guide and help feed production enterprises as well as livestock and poultry rearing enterprises to carry out the pollution prevention and control of mycotoxins, avoid the harms brought by mycotoxins to feed products as well as livestock and poultry products, and reduce the economic losses. In the year of 2020, a total of 60 samples from 16 kinds of plant origin feed raw materials were collected and tested by LC-MS/MS and IAC-HPLC according to the national standard of ′Feed Hygiene Standard′ （GB 13078-2017）. The results showed that the pollution status of aflatoxin B₁, T-2 toxin, ochratoxin A and fumonisins （B₁+B₂） in the 16 kinds of plant origin feed raw materials varied. The detection rates of aflatoxin B₁, ochratoxin A and fumonisins （B₁+B₂） were 13.30%, 1.60% and 31.60%, respectively, and their maximum detection values were 318.00 μg/kg, 5.70 μg/kg and 50.66 mg/kg, respectively; the T-2 toxin was not observed. According to the test results, the pollution caused by aflatoxin B₁, ochratoxin A and fumonisins （B₁+B₂） in the 16 kinds of plant origin feed raw materials was found, and the overall pollution rate was 33.30%. The contents of aflatoxin B₁ of two kinds of plant origin feed raw materials exceeded the standard, while the contents of the other mycotoxins in the tested samples were all within the allowable range. Furthermore, the pollution rate was not proportional to the exceeded rate. It was indicated that the mycotoxins contamination was common in plant origin feed raw materials, which posed serious impacts and potential hazards to feed products, livestock and poultry products, and consumption safety as well. In view of this problem, some suggestions on quality and safety control of plant origin feed raw materials were put forward, in hoping to provide references for control of mycotoxins contamination in feed raw materials.

Key words: plant origin feed raw materials, mycotoxins, pollution status investigation, detection and analysis, control suggestions

中图分类号:

黄志伟, 刘利晓, 李洪波, 冯晋, 赵盼盼. 16种植物性饲料原料中黄曲霉毒素B₁、T-2毒素、赭曲霉毒素A、伏马毒素（B₁+B₂）污染调查检测及控制建议[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2021, 42(1): 19-23.

HUANG Zhi-wei, LIU Li-xiao, LI Hong-bo, FENG Jin, ZHAO Pan-Pan. Pollution Status Investigation of Aflatoxin B₁, T-2 Toxin, Ochratoxin A and Fumonisins (B₁+B₂) in 16 Kinds of Plant Origin Feed Raw Materials and Control Suggestions[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2021, 42(1): 19-23.

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16种植物性饲料原料中黄曲霉毒素B₁、T-2毒素、赭曲霉毒素A、伏马毒素（B₁+B₂）污染调查检测及控制建议

Pollution Status Investigation of Aflatoxin B₁, T-2 Toxin, Ochratoxin A and Fumonisins (B₁+B₂) in 16 Kinds of Plant Origin Feed Raw Materials and Control Suggestions

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