Abstract: Dosage compensation effect is one of epigenetic mechanism,it is the process that the levels of X linked gene expression is equalized between the sexes.However,the mechanisms of dosage compensation in different species is different,it is achieved by randomly inactivating one of the two X chromosomes in the female individuality for human being and mammals.In recent years,although X chromosomes was inactivated,some genes still were expressed in human and mouse.Nowadays,it is found that the etiologies and treatments of some human diseases,especially those are high incidence to women,probably related to these genes.Hence,the latest research progresses about it were reviewed in this article.