翻堆措施对传统堆肥理化指标及微生物种群的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.01.05

北方农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 33-43.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.01.05

翻堆措施对传统堆肥理化指标及微生物种群的影响

王博¹, 安昊¹, 张婷婷¹, 张君¹, 武生财², 李焕春¹

1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院资源环境与检测技术研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特 010031;
2.五原县农牧业推广中心,内蒙古五原 015100

收稿日期:2021-01-27 出版日期:2022-02-20 发布日期:2022-04-11
通讯作者: 李焕春（1979—）,女,研究员,博士,主要从事农业面源污染防控和土壤肥料的研究工作。
作者简介:王博（1987—）,男,助理研究员,博士研究生,主要从事有机固体废弃物处理与资源化利用的研究工作。
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区科技重大专项（2020ZD0005）; 内蒙古自治区科技计划（2021GG0063）

The effect of turning measure on physicochemical parameters and microbial community of traditional composting

WANG Bo¹, AN Hao¹, ZHANG Tingting¹, ZHANG Jun¹, WU Shengcai², LI Huanchun¹

1. Institute of Resource Environment and Detection Technology,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
2. Wuyuan County Center of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension,Wuyuan 015100,China

Received:2021-01-27 Online:2022-02-20 Published:2022-04-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】明确翻堆措施对传统堆肥理化指标及微生物种群的影响。【方法】以奶牛粪和小麦秸秆为原料,采用不同翻堆频率条垛式堆肥方式进行试验,测定温度、水分、pH值、EC值、有机质、全氮、C/N、发芽指数、杂草种子灭活率、微生物种群指标的动态变化。【结果】与对照组（T1和T2）相比,采用不同翻堆频率的试验组（T3和T4）可以有效提高堆体通透性并使堆体进入高温发酵期（≥55 ℃）,最高温度可提高20.00~38.33 ℃,高温持续时间增加3~9 d;堆肥成品的水分、全氮、有机质含量和C/N分别降低15.38%~35.38%、12.42%~37.71%、22.81%~35.64%和12.24%~31.67%,发芽指数（GI指数）提升10.77%~13.03%,杂草种子灭活率达到100%。但是,试验组（T3和T4）堆肥成品中EC值和pH值与对照组（T1和T2）成品差别较小。堆体微生物种群组成方面,对照组（T1和T2）的Methanomicrobia相对丰度较高;翻堆措施能够提升堆体中核心菌群Deinococcus-Thermus和Chloroflexi的相对丰度,并降低细菌α多样性。【结论】在传统堆沤发酵过程中增加翻堆措施可以提高堆体温度、堆肥产物的腐熟度及无害化程度,增加嗜热菌的相对丰度,但是会降低堆体中细菌种群多样性。

关键词: 奶牛粪, 好氧发酵, 翻堆措施, 无害化程度

Abstract: 【Objective】To determine the effect of turning measure on physicochemical parameters and microbial community of traditional composting.【Methods】The experiment was carried out by windrow composting with different turning frequencies. The dairy manure and wheat straw were raw materials. The parameters analyzed during composting process were temperature,moisture,pH value,EC value,organic matter,total nitrogen,C/N ratio,germination index,weed seed inactivation rate,and microbial community.【Results】Compared with the control group（T1 and T2）,the treatment group（T3 and T4）with different turning frequencies could effectively increase the permeability of the pile and achieve thermophilic fermentation period（≥55 ℃）. The peak temperature rose by 20.00-38.33 ℃ and thermophilic fermentation period was increased 3-9 days. The water,total nitrogen,organic matter,and C/N ratio of composting product were decreased 15.38%-35.38%,12.42%-37.71%,22.81%-35.64% and 12.24%-31.67% respectively. Furthermore,the germination index（GI index）increased 10.77%-13.03%.The inactivation rate of weed seeds achieved 100%. The EC value and pH value of the treatment group（T3 and T4） were similar to the control group（T1 and T2）. The higher relative abundance of Methanomicrobia was existed in the control group（T1 and T2）. Furthermore,the turning measure could increase the relative abundance of Deinococcus-Thermous and Chloroflexi as the core bacteria,and the alpha-diversity was decreased by turning measure.【Conclusion】Adding turning measure during traditional composting process could increase the pile temperature,maturity and the degree of harmlessness for composting products. It also could increase the relative abundance of thermophilic microorganism and decrease the microbial community diversity.

Key words: Dairy manure, Aerobic fermentation, Turning measure, Degree of harmlessness

中图分类号:

S141.4

王博, 安昊, 张婷婷, 张君, 武生财, 李焕春. 翻堆措施对传统堆肥理化指标及微生物种群的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2022, 50(1): 33-43.

WANG Bo, AN Hao, ZHANG Tingting, ZHANG Jun, WU Shengcai, LI Huanchun. The effect of turning measure on physicochemical parameters and microbial community of traditional composting[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2022, 50(1): 33-43.

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翻堆措施对传统堆肥理化指标及微生物种群的影响

The effect of turning measure on physicochemical parameters and microbial community of traditional composting

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