北方农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (6): 105-112.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.06.14

• 资源与环境·农产品加工 • 上一篇    下一篇

赤峰市野生有毒维管植物资源调查与分析

刘利红1, 白国栋2, 邰峰2, 张楠2, 查木哈1, 高新磊1, 李楠1, 张丽1, 秦立金1   

  1. 1.赤峰学院 农学院/赤峰学院 蒙东农业生态保护与动植物资源开发利用重点实验室/赤峰学院 经济作物营养与健康实验室,内蒙古 赤峰 024000
    2.赤峰市森林草原保护发展中心,内蒙古 赤峰 024000
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-31 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2023-03-24
  • 通讯作者: 秦立金
  • 作者简介:秦立金(1979—),女,研究员,博士,主要从事土传病害生物防治研究的工作。
    刘利红(1979—),女,高级畜牧师,博士,主要从事植物多样性保护与利用研究的工作。
  • 基金资助:
    赤峰市自然科学基金项目(SZR2022011)

Survey and analysis of wild poisonous vascular plants in Chifeng City

LIU Lihong1, BAI Guodong2, TAI Feng2, ZHANG Nan2, Chamuha 1, GAO Xinlei1, LI Nan1, ZHANG Li1, QIN Lijin1   

  1. 1. Agricultural College/Eastern Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Protection and Exploitation,Utilization of Animal and Plant Resources/Laboratory of Economic Crop Nutrition and Health,Chifeng University,Chifeng 024000,China
    2. Chifeng Center of Forest and Grassland Protection and Development,Chifeng 024000,China
  • Received:2022-10-31 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2023-03-24
  • Contact: QIN Lijin

摘要:

【目的】了解内蒙古赤峰市野生有毒维管植物资源的现状及分布特征,为预防有毒植物中毒及赤峰市野生有毒维管植物资源的开发利用提供参考。【方法】采用野外调查、访问及资料查阅等方法,对赤峰市野生有毒维管植物的物种数量、水分生态型、生活型、生境类型、有毒部位、毒性大小、毒物成分进行统计分析。【结果】赤峰市共有野生有毒维管植物249种,隶属于64科150属,分别占内蒙古野生有毒维管植物科、属、种数量的95.52%、80.21%、70.94%;水分生态型以中生植物为主,共200种,隶属于60科132属,占总种数的80.32%;生活型以草本植物为主,共211种,隶属于47科127属,占总种数的84.74%;生境类型以草原和草甸为主,分别包含物种数为130种和116种;全株有毒的维管植物在赤峰市分布最多,共176种;中等毒性维管植物和小毒维管植物分别为180种和66种,剧毒维管植物2种、大毒维管植物1种;含甙类和生物碱有毒成分的有毒维管植物物种数量最多,分别为86种和72种。【结论】内蒙古赤峰市野生有毒维管植物资源丰富,有毒成分以甙类和生物碱为主,狼毒在该地区分布最为广泛,应加强对有毒维管植物的综合利用研究。

关键词: 有毒维管植物, 中生植物, 草本植物, 毒性, 有毒部位, 毒物成分

Abstract:

【Objective】To understand the current situation and distribution characteristics of the wild poisonous vascular plant resources in Chifeng City,Inner Mongolia in order to provide references for the prevention of livestock poisoning as well as the development and utilization of the wild poisonous vascular plant resources in Chifeng City.【Methods】 Field sampling,site visiting,and literature viewing were used to statistically analyze the number of species,water ecotype,life form,habitat type,toxic parts,toxicity,and toxic components of wild poisonous vascular plants in Chifeng City.【Results】In Chifeng City,there were 249 different species of wild poisonous vascular plants that belonged to 64 families and 150 genera,accounting for 95.52%,80.21%,and 70.94% of all the families,genera,and species of poisonous vascular plants in Inner Mongolia. Mesophytes,which made up 200 species belonged to 60 families and 132 genera and accounted for 80.32% of all species,predominated the water ecotype. The majority of the life form consisted of herbaceous plants,which made up 211 species belonged to 47 families and 127 genera,accounted for 84.74% of all species. The habitat types were mainly grassland and meadow,with 130 and 116 species,respectively. In Chifeng City,with 176 species in total,vascular plants that were poisonous across the entire plant were most prevalent. There were 180 species of vascular plants that were moderately toxic,66 species that were slightly toxic,2 species that were highly toxic,and 1 species that were strong vascular toxic plant. The majority of toxic vascular plants containing glycosides and alkaloids as toxic components,with 86 species and 72 species,respectively.【Conclusion】The wild poisonous vascular plant resources were abundant in Chifeng City. Most of the toxic components were glycosides and alkaloids. Stellera chamaejasme was most widely distributed. The comprehensive research and utilization of poisonous vascular plants should be strengthened.

Key words: Poisonous vascular plants, Mesophyte, Herbaceous plant, Toxicity, Toxic parts, Toxic components

中图分类号: 

  • Q949.98