Abstract: 【Objective】To explore the release process of nutrients in farmland soil and their crops by coal-based compound fertilizers prepared with coal-based materials and chemical fertilizers impact of growth and development.The indoor soil column leaching test of coal-based compound fertilizers with different ratios of coal-based materials and chemical fertilizers is used to simulate the nutrient release effect under farmland soil conditions. It is whether coal-based compound fertilizers have delayed nutrients in agricultural production to provide a theoretical basis in release effect and its impact on crop growth.【Methods】The total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium prepared by grinding and sieving coal-based materials (slime∶coal gangue∶weathered coal =1∶2∶1) and chemical fertilizers (diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride) were 20%(MJF1), 25%(MJF2) and 30%(MJF3) coal-based compound fertilizer,with ordinary compound fertilizer (HF) as the control (CK), on the basis of equal nutrient fertilization conditions, through the indoor soil column leaching to obtain the cumulative leaching rate of the leaching solution nutrients in different periods changes in the soil to simulate the release process of nutrients in the soil after the fertilizer applied to the farmland.【Results】Compared with (HF) treatment(CK), the cumulative leaching rate of nutrients in MJF1, MJF2, and MJF3 treatments were significantly reduced (P<0.05), in which the ammonium nitrogen was reduced by 8.78, 10.51, 8.01 percentage points, respectively, nitrate nitrogen was reduced by 7.78, 10.16, and 12.57 percentage points, phosphorus decreased by 24.80, 20.59, and 22.57 percentage points, and potassium decreased by 30.01, 24.14, and 18.83 percentage points, respectively; Changing the proportion of coal-based substances added to ammonium in coal-based compound fertilizers, The dynamic change law of the cumulative leaching rate of nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was not obvious, but it had an effect on the dynamic change law of the cumulative leaching rate of nutrients of nitrate nitrogen.【Conclusion】After the coal-based compound fertilizer was applied to the soil, the release of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients had a significant delay effect, which was helpful to reduce the loss of nutrients, improved the efficiency of crop utilization of fertilizers, and promoted the growth and development of crops; Changing the amount of coal-based materials added could affect the slow-release effect of fertilizer nutrients in the soil during the preparation of coal-based compound fertilizers.

Key words: Coal-based compound fertilizer, Slow-release effect, Soil nutrients, Farmland conditions, Agricultural production