【Objective】To explore the effects of potato different rotation patterns on dry matter accumulating, reservoir activity and provide a theoretical basis based on the actual agricultural planting structure in the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountain, Inner Mongolia.【Methods】The effects of different rotation patterns on potato dry matter accumulation and reservoir activity were analyzed in 4 treatments of green manure spring turn-green manure summer turn-potato(LCLXM), green manure spring turn-green manure spring turn-potato(LCLCM), sunflower-sunflower-potato(XXM), oat- sunflower-potato(YXM).【Results】The results showed that the dry matter accumulation rate of potato organs, the maximum dry matter accumulation rate of tubers, the average dry matter accumulation rate and the duration of the rapid dry matter accumulation period were all shown as LCLXM>LCLCM>YXM>XXM; potato reservoir activity shown as LCLXM>LCLCM=YXM>XXM;the output of LCLXM was significantly increased by 10.54% and 15.46% compared with YXM and XXM, respectively, and the output of LCLCM was significantly increased by 12.20% compared with the output of XXM, and YXM was in the middle for the dry matter accumulation, reservoir activity, and yield.【Conclusion】The suitable rotation patterns for potato cultivation in the northern foothills of Yinshan, Inner Mongolia, were green manure spring turn-green manure summer turn-potato, green manure spring turn-green manure spring turn-potato and oat - sunflower-potato rotation by considering the dry matter accumulation, reservoir activity and yield in potato.

【Objective】To improve the contradiction between maize high-densification for yield and lodging in western area of Inner Mongolia.【Methods】By means of improving soil fertility with different tillage methods, planting density gradient was set to analyze the effects of different soil fertility on stem lodging resistance and yield of maize.【Results】The soil fertility increased and the lodging rate of maize decreased. The stem thickness, stem puncture strength and stem break strength increased;and after increasing planting density,the effect of soil fertility reduced lodging rates.The lodging rates of Xianyu 696 and Ximeng 6 at low density were reduced by 0.33,1.41,2.50 and 0.51,1.78,2.67 percentage points,at low,medium,and high fertility respectively.After the increased density comparing with farm household shallow-rotation tillage（CK）.They were reduced by 0.59,1.95,3.71 and 0.68,2.30,3.90 percentage points respectively.Soil fertility improved and maize yield increased compared with farm household shallow-rotation tillage.When Xianyu 696 and Simeng 6 reached the highest grain yield,increased by 0.21 t/hm² and 0.26 t/hm² at low-fertility;increased by 0.73 t/hm² and 0.86 t/hm² at medium fertility;increased 1.41 t/hm² and 1.68 t/hm² at high fertility compared with farm household shallow-rotation tillage.【Conclusion】The improvement of soil fertility could reduce the lodging rate and increase the yield by increasing the stalk thickness,stem puncture strength and stem break strength.

【Objective】In order to obtain a better seed collection mode of biennial sugarbeet.【Methods】The effects of wheat,corn and biennial beets stubble on seed collection of biennial sugarbeet were compared in the open-field overwintering and cellar storage overwintering modes, and herbicide sprayed and no herbicide on the seed harvesting of biennial sugarbeet in Pei County, Jiangsu Province.【Results】The results showed that the bolting rate of the test materials was significantly higher than that of the cellar. Among them,the bolting rates were 80.8% and 95.2% respectively,the 1000-grain weight was 15.27 and 17.87 g,germination rate was 85.33% and 93.67%,seed yield was 1 664.80 and 2 072.70 kg/hm²,respectively. Under different stubble treatments with the same overwintering pattern,there was no significant difference in bolting rate.The 1000-grain weight of wheat,corn and biennial sugarbeet stubble treated were 17.87,15.27,14.13 g,germination rate 93.67%,88.33% and 83.33% respectively,and seed yield 2 072.70,2 422.50 and 1 750.65 kg/hm²,among them, sugarbeet seed yield in the maize stubbles, was 38.38% higher that in biennial sugarbeet stubbles; The previous stubble herbicide sprayed had an inhibitory effect on seed production of sugarbeet compared with no herbicide sprayed.【Conclusion】When selecting seed production base, the previous stubble, no herbicide used and higher soil fertility should be selected first. The overwintering mode of open-field should be selected,which can save labor cost and produce better effect.

【Objective】Breeding herbicide-resistant maize cultivars by transgenic method to solve the problem of grass damage.【Methods】Genetic transformation was conducted on immature embryos of maize inbred line of H99 by agrobacterium-mediated method, which was carry out single factor test, the different size of immature embryo, concentration of agrobacterium and co-culture time were set respectively, which was compared and analyzed based on GUS transient expression rate in transgenic embryos.【Results】The results showed that the GUS transient expression rate was the highest when the size of the immature embryo was 1.5-2.0 mm, the concentration of agrobacterium OD₆₀₀ was 0.4, the co-culture time was 3 d and the infection time was 5 min. PCR detection proved that 7 positive transgenic seedlings were successfully obtained, and phenotypic identification also demonstrated that transgenic seedlings were capable of resistance to glufosinate.【Conclusion】This study provides a reference for the optimization of improving maize transgenic technology system and the breeding of new herbicide-resistant varieties.

【Objective】To provide effective technical measures for resolving over use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, decreasing costs and increasing benefit in dry pepper.【Methods】The experiment with the material of “Beixing No.6” pepper, the effect of chemical nitrogen fertilizer reduced and microbial fertilizer increased on the growth, quality and yield of dry pepper were studied. a total of 9 treatments designed, among them,268.8 kg/hm² N fertilization as control,and 2 N fertilization reduction level of 30% and 45% decrement, based on this 2 N fertilization reduction level, 4 treatments designed including microbial fertilizer increased, organic fertilizer increased, organic fertilizer+microbial fertilizer, and pure urea.【Results】The results showed that the treatment of T₈, N fertilization reduction 30% has little influence on yields of pepper, and the highest yield was N fertilization reduction 30%+organic fertilizer+microbial fertilizer,at 40 056.0 kg/hm². But when N fertilization reduction 45%, vegetative growth began to be limited, yield also decreased in different degrees. With the increasing of N fertilization reduction, nitrite and ascorbic acid content of pepper fruit showed decreasing tendency. Three treatments(microbial fertilizer,organic fertilizer+microbial fertilizer) significantly increased pepper growth index under the level of N fertilization reduction 30%. Compared with the treatment of urea only, treatments of microbial fertilizer, organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer+microbial fertilizer could significantly improve ascorbic acid content of pepper fruit under the different level of N fertilization reduction.【Conclusion】Optimum fertilizing scheme was N fertilization reduction 30%+organic fertilizer+ microbial fertilizer.

【Objective】To explore the release process of nutrients in farmland soil and their crops by coal-based compound fertilizers prepared with coal-based materials and chemical fertilizers impact of growth and development.The indoor soil column leaching test of coal-based compound fertilizers with different ratios of coal-based materials and chemical fertilizers is used to simulate the nutrient release effect under farmland soil conditions. It is whether coal-based compound fertilizers have delayed nutrients in agricultural production to provide a theoretical basis in release effect and its impact on crop growth.【Methods】The total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium prepared by grinding and sieving coal-based materials (slime∶coal gangue∶weathered coal =1∶2∶1) and chemical fertilizers (diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride) were 20%(MJF1), 25%(MJF2) and 30%(MJF3) coal-based compound fertilizer,with ordinary compound fertilizer (HF) as the control (CK), on the basis of equal nutrient fertilization conditions, through the indoor soil column leaching to obtain the cumulative leaching rate of the leaching solution nutrients in different periods changes in the soil to simulate the release process of nutrients in the soil after the fertilizer applied to the farmland.【Results】Compared with (HF) treatment(CK), the cumulative leaching rate of nutrients in MJF1, MJF2, and MJF3 treatments were significantly reduced (P<0.05), in which the ammonium nitrogen was reduced by 8.78, 10.51, 8.01 percentage points, respectively, nitrate nitrogen was reduced by 7.78, 10.16, and 12.57 percentage points, phosphorus decreased by 24.80, 20.59, and 22.57 percentage points, and potassium decreased by 30.01, 24.14, and 18.83 percentage points, respectively; Changing the proportion of coal-based substances added to ammonium in coal-based compound fertilizers, The dynamic change law of the cumulative leaching rate of nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was not obvious, but it had an effect on the dynamic change law of the cumulative leaching rate of nutrients of nitrate nitrogen.【Conclusion】After the coal-based compound fertilizer was applied to the soil, the release of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients had a significant delay effect, which was helpful to reduce the loss of nutrients, improved the efficiency of crop utilization of fertilizers, and promoted the growth and development of crops; Changing the amount of coal-based materials added could affect the slow-release effect of fertilizer nutrients in the soil during the preparation of coal-based compound fertilizers.

【Objective】To explore the application effect of slow-release controlled fertilizer reduction on taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schoot].【Methods】Jingjiang Xiangsha taro was used as the test material. Two fertilizers, 45% quick-acting compound fertilizer (F1) and 47% slow-release controlled fertilizer (F2), including 315 kg/hm² (Y1), 360 kg/hm² (Y2), 405 kg/hm² (Y3) and 450 kg/hm² (Y4), were set to study their effects on main agronomic traits, yield and economic benefits of taro.【Results】The average plant height, stem diameter, leaf length and leaf width increased with the increase of fertilizer amount on June 13 and July 13, but there was no significant difference on August 13 and September 13 (P<0.05).Among them, the main agronomic traits of F1 in each treatment were higher than F2 corresponding to each treatment on June 13, and lower than F2 on July 13, no significant effect on the chlorophyll content (SPAD) of taro leaves by the two fertilizers. The yield variations of seed taro with 45% quick-acting compound fertilizer and 47% slow release controlled fertilizer were 13 735.20 -14 245.80 kg/hm² and 13 927.35-14 843.70 kg/hm², respectively. The correlation coefficients of the amount and seed taro yield were 0.228 and 0.352, respectively, which did not reach the significant level. The economic benefit of each treatment of slow release controlled fertilizer was higher than that of each treatment of 45% quick effect compound fertilizer.【Conclusion】Compared with quick-acting compound fertilizer, slow-release controlled fertilizer had the advantages of long duration of fertilizer effect, high yield and economic benefit and recommend slow-release controlled fertilizer 315 kg/hm² at least.

【Objective】To explore the improvement of saline-alkali soils by appling coal-based materials, and use the coal-based waste materials reasonably and the saline-alkali soils suitable for crop growth.【Methods】Simulated field plant-free cultivation experiments were conducted to carry out the effect of different ratios of three coal-based materials including coal slime, coal gangue and weathered coal on soil physicochemical properties such as soil bulk density, porosity, pH value, alkalinity, soluble salt content etc.【Results】Compared with the control, different ratios of coal-based materials such as coal slime, coal gangue and weathered coal could reduce the bulk density, alkalinity, pH value, soluble salt content, water-soluble anion and cation content of saline-alkali soil. Compared with the control, the pH value of the coal-based treatment was reduced by a maximum of 0.28 units, and the alkalinity was reduced by a maximum of 13.93%. The application of coal-based materials could also change the composition of soluble salts in saline-alkaline soil,increased the proportion of water-soluble SO₄^2-, Na⁺ and Cl^- and decreased the proportion of CO₃^2- and HCO₃^-.With the increase of the proportion of coal slime and the decrease of the proportion of coal gangue and weathered coal, the content of water-soluble K⁺, CO₃^2- and HCO₃^- had a downtrend, In particular, under the treatment with the largest proportion of slime (M1 Treatment). With the decrease of the proportion of coal slime and the increase of the proportion of coal gangue and weathered coal, the soil alkalinity, bulk density and porosity had a downtrend.【Conclusion】The application of different ratios of coal-based materials can improve the poor physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil.

It has become the consensus of the whole society to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer and increase organic fertilizer, but because the understanding of the characteristics of organic fertilizer is not comprehensive, there is unreasonable use of organic fertilizer in the production process at the present. In this paper, the effects of organic fertilizer application on soil physical and chemical properties, soil nutrient supply characteristics, soil biological characteristics, nutrient use efficiency and crop yield were reviewed, and the corresponding suggestions for rational use of organic fertilizer were put forward, in order to provide reference for reducing crop yield and environmental risk caused by reducing chemical fertilizer application and increasing organic fertilizer application.

【Objective】To reveal the current situation and water-saving potential of main crops irrigation in Hetao Irrigated Area and put forward optimization suggestions.【Methods】The irrigation situation was analyzed by using the survey data and literature data of 310 households in Hanggin Rear Banner.【Results】In this region, wheat, corn and sunflower were irrigated for many times with high irrigation quota, and the average crop irrigation water productivity was only 1.43 kg/m³.By adopting water-saving planting technology and scientific irrigated in Autumn, the three main crops could save 200 million-315 million m³ water per year.【Conclusion】Since the irrigation behavior and low water resource utilization efficiency in Hetao irrigated area, large water-saving space can be ture by combining the border irrigation and high efficient water-saving irrigation.

【Objective】To identify the pathogen species of carrot root rot in Chifeng and Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, and provide reference for the control of carrot root rot.【Methods】Conventional tissue isolation, morphological observation and molecular techniques were used to isolate and identify pathogen.【Results】Morphological observation and ITS sequence analysis showed that all 5 strains isolated were Fusarium solani, and their pathogenicity verified by inoculated back to carrot.【Conclusion】It was clear that Fusarium solani was the main pathogen that caused root rot of carrot in two regions.

【Objective】To identify the species of soil nematodes in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】The nematodes were isolated by improved Behrman funnel method and identified through sampling of 5-20 cm root circumference of potato, sugarbeet and maize soil from Chifeng,Hohhot,Ulanqab and Ordos in Inner Mongolia . The diversity and distribution of nematodes were also analyzed.【Results】Genera of nematodes were isolated in 10 plots in Inner Mongolia, including Panagrolaimus, Oscheius, Aphelenchus, Ditylenchus, Strongyloides, Auanema and Acrobeloides.【Conclusion】Species and numbers of soil nematodes in different crops were different in different regions in Inner Mongolia, and the research results will provide reference for the further monitoring of soil nematode diversity and its control in Inner Mongolia.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of the farming water returned to the corn field on the soil environment in Northern Area.【Methods】Take a large-scale dairy farm in Hohhot as an example,the effects of farming water on soil physical and chemical properties, heavy metal contents and nutrient element contents were studied by comparative analysis.【Results】After the farm water was returned to the field 6 a, soil pH value was significantly changed, and the pH value of surface, middle and deep soil were all higher than that of CK. However, soil bulk density, soil grain density and soil porosity and the content of heavy metal elements in the soil did not change significantly. The content of Cu, Zn, As, Ni, Cr, Cd, Hg, Pb and other elements did not exceed the screening value of soil pollution risk in agricultural land, and the soil environmental quality was still in a clean and safe state. Cu, Ni and Cd contents increased slightly in the topsoil. After the application of farming water, the content of nitrate, total potassium and available potassium in the soil increased to some extent, especially in the surface. The content of nitrate in the surface soil was 10 times higher than CK, but the content of ammonia nitrogen was lower.【Conclusion】After the farm water was returned to the field 6 a, nevertheless, the soil physical and chemical properties, heavy metal content and nutrient element content all changed, the soil environmental quality was still in a clean and safe state.

【Objective】The effect of heat treatment on maintaining shelf life quality of late ripened peach after cold storage was studied.【Methods】The changes of physiological characteristics and postharvest quality of late ripened peach ‘Lvhua No.9’, which were placed at room temperature (20 ℃) after hot water treatment at 55 ℃ for 2 min and followed by storage for 30 d at 0 ℃,including decay rate, respiration rate, color, firmness,etc .【Results】The results showed that hot treated fruit after 6 d, its decay rate was （26.67±3.33）%; the respiration rate was （54.81± 3.44）mg CO₂/(kg·h);the color and brightness value of L was 55.86±1.81; a red value was 21.43±1.51;and b yellow value was 18.78±0.74; firmness was （16.81±0.51）N; total soluble solid content was （11.10±0.13）%; and titratable acid contents was （0.235±0.005）%.【Conclusion】Heat treatment had the effect of reducing the decay rate of peach fruit, enhancing the respiration peak values, keeping fruit color and firmness,increasing the content of soluble solids and inhibiting the reduction of titratable acid content. All this indicated that the heat treatment could maintain sensorial quality and commodity value for peach fruits.

【Objective】To investigate the effect of GA₃ on flowering and physiological characteristics of Hemerocallis fulva (L.) var. kwanso Regel.【Methods】Hemerocallis fulva (L.) var. kwanso Regel lace squares were selected as experimental materials. Four concentrations of gibberellin (GA₃) foliar spraying to observe the effects of flowering of lace squares,endogenous hormones and enzyme activities.【Results】When Hemerocallis fulva (L.) var. kwanso Regel lace squares began to produce scape,sprayed different concentration of gibberellin (GA₃) could early its flowering time and flowering number,especially spraying 1 000 mg/kg of gibberellic acid (GA₃), initial flowering 11 d early and 127.5% more flower number compared with control ; Spraying different concentrations of gibberellin (GA₃) could increase the content of IAA and gibberellin (GA₃),and decreased abscisic acid (ABA),promoted the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in flower buds, and inhibited the activities of catalase (CAT).【Conclusion】Applying gibberellin (GA₃) on the leaf surface could promote the flowering of the lace kerchief,prolong the flowering period, increase the content of IAA and GA₃, stimulate the activity of SOD and POD, and realize the regulation of flowering period in Hemerocallis fulva (L.) var. kwanso Regel.

【Objective】To improve seed germination rate and seedling growth level of Sapium sebiferum, and provide scientific basis for Sapium sebiferum breeding.【Methods】Using L₉(3⁴) orthogonal experimental design to study the effects of different soaking solution, soaking time and matrix types on the germination and seedling growth of Sapium sebiferum.【Results】The result showed that the highest germination rate treatment for Sapium sebiferum seeds was 0.5% sodium hydroxide solution soaked 24 h, and seeded in sandy loam & peat (3∶7), and the best growth treatment was 10% edible alkali soaked 24 h and seeded in peat soil∶ humus soil∶ perlite(3∶5∶2). Meanwhile, the effect of treatment solution on seed germination rate was very significant(P<0.01), the type of substrate also had a significant impact on seed germination rate(P<0.05), while the soaking time had no significant impact on germination rate(P>0.05). The type of substrate had a significant impact on seedling growth(P>0.05), while the different soaking solution and soaking time had no significant impact on seedling growth.【Conclusion】The germination rate and growth potential of Sapium sebiferum were improved by changing the seed soaking solution, seed soaking time and substrate type.

【Objective】To understand the protoplasts isolation and regeneration of different edible （medicine） fungi, so as to provide materials for protoplast mutagenesis and fusion, so as to selectively breed new strains with outstanding excellent characters.【Methods】Five kinds of edible （medicine） fungi mycelia were used as test materials, and five kinds of edible （medicine） fungi protoplasts were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis.【Results】under the same experimental conditions,the amount of protoplast released: Sanghuangporus zsh> Grassland white mushroom BM1716> Pleurotus eryngii xb> Grassland black mushroom hm8124-1 > Hypsizygus marmoreus xwg; the regeneration rate：Hypsizygus marmoreus xwg > Pleurotus eryngii xb> Grassland blacmushroom hm8124-1> Grassland white mushroom BM1716>Sanghuangporus zsh.It was observed that the single colony of protoplast regeneration of Grassland black mushroom hm8124-1,thick and dense,while the single colony of protoplast regeneration of 6 Grassland white mushroom BM1716 were significantly different,the growth morphology and growth speed of the colony were different,and the phenomenon of angular change appeared.【Conclusion】The release and regeneration rate of protoplasts of different edible （medicine） fungi are quite different.It is necessary to optimize the regeneration medium in subsequent experiments. The growth of regeneration colony of single protoplast of 6 Grassland white mushroom BM1716 were observed,and the difference was very obvious. It is possible that somaclonal variation occurred in the process of protoplast isolation and regeneration.

【Objective】To understand the utilization status of Stipa breviflora steppe and guide the rational utilization of Stipa breviflora steppe.【Methods】Based on the data obtained during 2012 to 2017 from fieldworks, using sample methods at growing seasonsas , the community characteristics and classification of Stipa breviflora steppe were analyzed and summarized.【Results】The results showed that the Quantitative Characters of Stipa breviflora community had an obvious fluctuated. The species number, height, coverage, dry weight of the natural grasslands were separately 11 Species/m² ,10 cm, 27%, (100±4) g/m². The average Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 0.90, the average Margalef richness index was 2.47, and the average Pielou evenness index was 0.63. A total of 91 plants species belonged to 24 families and 58 genera were classified in Stipa breviflora steppe, among which the families with the most species were Leguminosae, Compositae and Gramineae, The species with the occurrence frequency exceeding 80% included Stipa breviflora, Convolvulus ammannii, Cleistogenes songorica, Allium tenuissimum, Stipa krylovii. As for the ecological type of water, 54 species of xerophytes and typical xerophytes accounting for 59% of the total species. In addition, perennial forbs and annul biennial specie were the two dominant life forms, covering 49% and 26% of the species respectively. Middle Asian areal-type and east Palaeo-North areal-type were the two major floristic elements, containing 42% and 21% of the species. Based on the life forms and dominances of the species within the community, Stipa breviflora steppe could be classified into 10 association groups and 15 associations,among which the constructive species was Stipa breviflora occupied 5 association groups and 10 associations.Cleistogenes songorica, Convolvulus ammannii and Artemisia frigida occupied 5 association groups and 5 associations. The latter were the degradation types of Stipa breviflora community.【Conclusion】The communities with degenerated indicator species as sub- dominant species and constructive species are widely distributed in the Northern Area of Yinshan Mountain, it means that the degradation of Stipa breviflora steppe still serious at present, need to strengthen the protection and utilize rationally of Stipa breviflora steppe.

【Objective】To further understand the genetic background and differentiation of the population of Hedinichthys yarkandensis macroptera in Juyan Lake, Inner Mongolia, and reasonably protect and exploit fishery resources.【Methods】As a fucos of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) gene sequence- the main gene sequences of 52 wild populations of Hedinichthys yarkandensis macroptera samples in the Juyan Lake of Inner Mongolia were compared, their sequence characteristics, genetic diversity and divergence were analyzed.【Results】The Cytb gene sequences of Hedinichthys yarkandensis macroptera wild populations were obtained by PCR amplification, with the total length of 1 097 bp. A total of 10 haplotypes were detected and 16 polymorphic loci accounting for 1.5% of the analyzed sites were found. The average haplotype diversity was 0.716, and the average nucleotide diversity was 0.002 7. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that D37 and D43 in 52 samples had a long genetic distance and formed a single branch. The Cytb gene of the remaining 50 specimens was the mainstream evolutionary branch and formed another branch separately, indicating that Cytb genes in different samples are gradually evolving .【Conclusion】Analysis of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of 52 Hedinichthys yarkandensis macroptera in Juyan Lake of Inner Mongolia is conducive to enriching the germplasm resources of freshwater fish in Inner Mongolia.

【Objective】To explore the reasons for the sustained growth of China's agricultural output under the background of large-scale transfer of rural labor force.【Methods】From the perspective of generalized capital deepening, hypotheses on the reason for the sustained increase of agricultural output under the condition of decreasing labor input were put forward in this paper , and the causes of agricultural output growth under the condition of reduced labor factors were analyzed, four theoretical hypotheses were put forward and then to analyze their rationality of the hypotheses empirically by means of the intermediary effect test.【Results】The deepening of material capital in the eastern and western regions played a part of intermediary role between labor transfer and agricultural output; the deepening of human capital played an intermediary role in the eastern and western regions under the regulation of material capital deepening, while the central region only has a regulatory role.【Conclusion】The intermediary effect of generalized capital deepening was significant in the eastern and western regions, but not in the central region.