Abstract: The paper carrried on a more comprehensive empirical analysis to China and Five Central-Asian Countries industry complementarity and the trade potential of agricultural product with industrial structure similarity index,relative dependence degree of foreign trade index,degree of trade combination index and trade complementarity index.The result indicates that Tajikistan、Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have high complementarity with China in agriculture industrial structure;the products which have high trade complementary between China and Five Central-Asian also have high relative dependence degree of foreign trade for opposite party;Trade complementarity of the Five Central Asian countries to China is higher than China to the Five Central Asian countries;apart from Turkmenistan,china keeps close relation with the other four Central Asian States; cooperation of the Five Central-Asian countries except Uzbekistan and China are loose.Our country should appropriately increase import of agriculture products from the Five Central-Asian countries to enhance agricultural trade and economic cooperation between the two sides.