Abstract: Crop farming is the foundation of agriculture and its structure will be adjusted accordingly at different stages of social development. It will be of great practical significance to adjust the planting structure reasonably in increasing the income of farmers and prompting agricultural sustainable development. In order to figure out the process of the structural adjustment of the plantation in low and medium yielding area of Hebei low plain, we have conducted a preliminary analysis of the planting structure （1986-2010） in the region, after which we are clear about the composition of food crops, oil crops, cotton, vegetables and other crops in different periods, discuss the trend and intrinsic reasons of the structural adjustment of crop farming in the area, and put forward the key points and safeguard measures of the future structural adjustment of the plantation in the area.