Abstract: Basing on a case study on White Village of Tongliao in the Inner Mongolia, the difficulty of the water-saving irrigation technology promotion in the Horqin Mongolian＇s rural society was descripted and analyzed. The research found that in the process of nomadic to agricultural conversion in the Horqin Mongolian rural society, due to the different natural and social resources and the socio-cultural traditions, and form a unique mode of livelihood and irrigation technology needs. In the process of the technology promotion, the sense of relative deprivation and increasing insecurity of farmers resulted it the difficulty of the water-saving irrigation technology promotion. Therefore, in Inner Mongolian area, where has not a long irrigation history, it was necessary to find the best combination between the modem agricultural technology and the indigenous knowledge systems.