Abstract: The process of transformation of land management in rural china,the fairness and efficiency are an couple of contradictions, both opposition and unity, which were analyzed in this article. During the early stage of reform and opening-up, Land management of household contract responsibility system achieved a unity of fairness and efficiency.But with rural productivity,rnral economic and social development and change,the proposal was put forward to try to achieve a unity of fairness and efficiency of transformation of land management in rural.First,the relationship must be dealed with between the transformation of land management and rural collective ownership.Second,moderate operation of scale and rural labor force shifting orderly.Third, farmers voluntarily and policy guidance.