Abstract: Economic crops play an extremely important role in the development of agricuhural industry of Bayannur. However, the great changes in species, area, distribution and planting model of economic crops in recent years had led to the changes of damage pattern from pests and diseases. Some of the newly emerged pests and diseases have already brought serious damages in this region. In order to effectively control the damage, guarantee the safe production of economic crops, especially the grain, oil crops, melons and vegetables, and provide a reliable basis for plant protection, a large scale survey on the current situation of damage on 13 varieties of the economic crops from pests and diseases in Bayannur were carried out from 2011 to 2012. The results showed that a total of 48 diseases and pests were found and 10 of them were systematically observed, and the occurrence regularity of them was preliminarily elucidated.