Abstract: Spatial pattern of biomass aboveground vegetation communities are affected by many environmental factors, showing some scale-dependent. In this paper, using small-scale field survey data, applying spatial data processing of GIS and means of statistical analysis, to reveal the relationship between local biomass spatial distribution and environmental factors of Inner Mongolian desert steppe; on the other hand, research on grassland vegetation coverage and biomass of high spectral response.The results showed that in the same climatic region, because the factors of the topography leading to the secondary distribution of precipitation, gathered in low-lying areas, resulting soil of high-lying area dryer, lack of vegetation available water and low biomass. With the increase of soil depth, correlation between soil moisture and grassland biomass（dry weight）is better, grassland biomass and 40-50 cm layer soil moisture was in a significant positive correlation. In addition, Using hyperspectral characteristic variables to estimate pasture cover and biomass, ratio vegetation index RVI and normalized difference vegetation index NDVI can get better fitting results.