Abstract: Based on the relevant information, ecological environment of natural prairie of Evenki region was analyzed and we proposed ecological protection recommendations. The results showed that the effective accumulated temperature of ≥0 ℃ appeared a significant upward trend,the annual variation rate was 112.14℃/10a. Precipitation in growing season （from May to Augnst）was on the decline,with an annual variation rate of -13.24 mm/10a. The annum variation of sunshine time was not obvious. The grass coverage of natural pasture showed a significant downward trend, and its annual variation rate was -8.51%/10a. In addition, aboveground biomass decreased by the rate of -23.5 （g/m）/10a. Ecological environment of natural prairie of Evenki region showed a downward trend, local administrative departments should properly control the stocking rates and restore the prairie vegetation and curb the grassland desertification.