Abstract: The Qin and Han dynasties is a key period for the formation and development of a unified multi-ethnic country.The ancient Inner Mongolia region is under the jurisdiction of the Qin and Han dynasties,and was first incorporated under the unified zhongyuan dynasty.The Qin and Han dynasties focused on agricultural development,developed agricultural and animal husbandry of the north new district,and developed the economic and cultural exchanges with the mainland.The special historical and geographical location,national structure and economic structure make the Inner Mongolia region of the Qin and Han dynasties become a variety of modes of economic and culture blend and the most dynamic region.