Abstract: The research results on chemical components of aloes leaf and their efficacies was summarized by the writer and the research progresses in aspects including their types, pharmacological action and clinical application were discussed. Aloes leaf mainly contained many chemical components such as anthraquinones, carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, mineral and trace elements, active enzymes and vitamins, among which anthraquinones compounds were the main active components. Aloes leaf had effects such as cosmetology, health care, bacteriostasis, reducing blood lipid, antitumor and anti-ageing. It had medicine value for further development.