Abstract: In order to understand the immunity and infection situations of avian influenza of poultry in Hefei area of Anhui Province, 603 samples of serum and cotton swab （throat / cloacal double）samples in different sources and breeds of poultry were collected from the trading market of poultry in Hefei area from April to August of 2011. The immune antibody and etiology detection of highly-pathogenic avian influenza virus were carried out. The results showed that the average qualified rate of immune antibody of all samples was 70.80%. The monitoring results showed that the immune antibody of highly-pathogenic avian influenza virus from different breeds, different breeding scale and different months. The qualified rate of immune antibody of highly-pathogenic avian influenza virus of laying chicken and breeding hens was above 80%, but the immune antibody levels of broiler chicken and waterfowl were lower. The average qualified rate of immune antibody of highly-pathogenic avian influenza virus in poultry farms with the scale of more than 1 000 chicken was all above 70%. And the qualified rate of immune antibody in the poultry farms with the scale of less than 1 000 chicken and rural scatter- fed chicken was 27.45% and 32.84% respectively, which did not reach the national standards of agricultural administration in China. The average qualified rate of samples collected in June was lower and there was no significant difference among other months. The etiology detection showed that the detection results of highly-pathogenic avian influenza virus of all detected samples were negative.