猪舍不同通风模式对空气质量及猪只健康的影响

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2023.02.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

[目的]探索非洲猪瘟常态化防控下，2种通风模式对猪舍内空气质量和猪只健康的影响。[方法]以纵向通风和过滤式垂直立体通风模式下的猪舍为研究对象，选择1 280头体重为44~45 kg的二元去势育肥猪，随机分为对照组（纵向通风）和试验组（过滤式垂直立体通风），每组640头。持续监测28 d，每日定时检测2组猪舍的有害气体、微粒和微生物气溶胶浓度；以ELISA方法检测猪群猪瘟、猪伪狂犬病、猪圆环病毒病、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、猪支原体肺炎免疫抗体效价，以PCR方法进行病毒性病原鉴定；采集猪舍环境样本中的粪便和灰尘进行病原菌培养，分离链球菌、副猪嗜血杆菌、肺炎支原体。[结果]与对照组相比，试验组有害气体中NH₃和H₂S浓度分别降低46.52%、48.55%，差异极显著（P<0.01）；微粒中PM_2.5和PM_1.0浓度分别降低62.30%、67.48%，差异极显著（P<0.01）；试验组微生物气溶胶浓度降低54.33%，差异极显著（P<0.01）；猪群中猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、肺炎支原体抗体阳性率分别提高29.97%、26.64%，差异极显著（P<0.01）；试验组中猪群病原菌数量明显低于对照组。[结论]猪舍采用过滤式垂直立体通风系统可显著改善舍内空气质量，提高猪群健康水平。研究结果可为探索安全、可靠运行的通风换气模式提供参考。

关键词: 垂直立体通风系统, 有害气体, 微粒, 微生物气溶胶, 猪只健康

Abstract:

[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the effects of two ventilation modes on air quality and swine health in pigsty under the background of normalized control of African swine fever outbreak. [Method] A total of 1 280 binary castrated finishing pigs with body weights of 44 to 45 kg were randomly divided into a control group （longitudinal ventilation） and an experiment group （filter-typed vertical and three-dimensional ventilation） with 640 pigs in each group. The concentrations of harmful gases, microparticles and microbial aerosol in the pigsty of the two groups were routinely detected daily during the 28 d continuous monitoring. The titers of antibodies against swine fever virus, pseudorabies virus, porcine circovirus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in the swine herd were detected by ELISA assay. PCR was used to identify the viral pathogens. Feces and dust samples from the pigsty environment were collected for the insolation of Streptococcus, Haemophilus parasuis and Mycoplasma pneumonia. [Result] Compared with the control group, the concentrations of the harmful gases of NH₃ and H₂S in the experiment group decreased by 46.52% and 48.55%, respectively, with extremely significant （P<0.01） differences. The concentrations of the microparticles of PM_2.5 and PM_1.0 decreased by 62.30% and 67.48%, respectively, with extremely significant （P<0.01） differences. The concentration of the microbial aerosol in the experiment group extremely significantly （P<0.01） decreased by 54.33%. With extremely significant （P<0.01） differences, the positive rates of antibodies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae increased by 29.97% and 26.64%, respectively. The number of pathogenic bacteria in the experiment group was prominently lower than that in the control group. [Conclusion] The deployment of filter-typed vertical and three-dimensional ventilation system in pigsty significantly improves the air quality and the health status of the pig herd. The results obtained in this study provide references for exploring safe and reliable ventilation modes.

Key words: vertical and three-dimensional ventilation system, harmful gas, mircoparticles, microbial aerosol, swine health

中图分类号:

S828.46

白红杰,闫祥洲,范磊,王璟. 猪舍不同通风模式对空气质量及猪只健康的影响[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2023, 44(2): 72-80.

BAI Hongjie,YAN Xiangzhou,FAN Lei,WANG Jing. Effects of Different Ventilation Modes on Air Quality and Swine Health in Pigsty[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2023, 44(2): 72-80.

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