Abstract: This study was aimed at assessing the vegetation index of natural grassland in Hainan prefecture of Qinghai province.The TM images band was extracted by using ARCGIS software to calculate ratio vegetation index, normalized difference vegetation index, difference vegetation index, soil-adjusted vegetation index, modified soil-adjusted vegetation index, and vegetation signal to soil noise. The results showed that the vegetation of alpine meadow was better than the other types of natural grassland. In the present study, the extracted vegetation information based on vegetation index is scarcely affected by soil background and this method has good extraction effect, indicating that vegetation index has the potential to be used to preliminary analyze the characteristics of natural grassland in Hainan prefecture of Qinghai Province.