Abstract: The population of Tamarix elongata Ledeb. in heavy saline soils in the middle reaches of Shule River was investigated and its community structure was also studied. Plants belonging to Tamariaceae are more suitable for heavy saline soils than those belonging to other species, and Tamarix elongata Ledeb. were dominant in heavy saline soil. The spacial pattern of Tamarix elongata Ledeb. was Poisson distribution in the heavy saline soil. The important values of dominant species in the heavy saline soil are listed as follows： Tamarix elongata Ledeb., 0.323; Alhagi sparsifolia Shap, 0.215; Phragmites australis （Car.） Trin. ex Steud., 0.037; Agriophyllum splendens Nevski, 0.029; Asparagus persicus Baker, 0.018; and Poacynum hendersonii Hook. F., 0.014. Dominant negative interspecific ecological association was found between Tamarix elongata Ledeb. and A lhagi sparsifolia Shap in heavy saline soil.