Abstract: The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is an important ecological security and security-stability barrier in northern China, as well as a key bridgehead for northern openness. Inner Mongolia is rich in grassland resources, and as of 2024, grasslands account for 74% of the total land area of the region. Grassland animal husbandry is not only a pillar industry on which herders depend for their livelihoods, but also safeguard ecological security in North and Northeast China, with multiple values in ecology, economy, and society. Based on the realistic conditions of grassland animal husbandry development in Inner Mongolia, this review points out that traditional grassland animal husbandry faces prominent conflicts between grass and livestock, strong seasonal influences, and frequent natural disasters and other problems, and is under dual pressure from grassland ecological conservation and livestock production development, with no obvious potential for growth under the traditional development model. Therefore, based on the concept of "ecological priority and green development" and guided by the strategy of invigorating animal husbandry through science and technology, it is necessary to vigorously promote intensive and modernized development models for grassland animal husbandry to facilitate its transformation. By adopting advanced technologies and scientific management approaches, a modern organic grassland animal husbandry ecosystem should be constructed. Through implementing intensive management, promoting no-till reseeding technologies, and fostering appropriately scaled family ranches and other approaches, high-efficiency production and operation of grassland animal husbandry can be achieved while emphasizing the sustainable development of environmental resources, adhering to a development pathway characterized by high quality, high productivity, and high efficiency, and ultimately realizing synergistic win-win outcomes in economic and social development, rural revitalization, and pastoral area modernization in Inner Mongolia.

Key words: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, grassland animal husbandry, intensification, modernization