Colloidal gold immunochromatography assay was a rapid immunological detection technology that was developed in 1980s after fluorescein, ELISA and radioisotope technology. Colloidal gold immunochromatography assay had been widely applied in medical examination, residual detection of veterinary drug and pesticide in agricultural products, pathogenic microorganism detection in import and export products and other fields because of its good stability, safety and convenient usage , none of instrument and equipment and other disadvantages. The development process, technical principle and application of colloidal gold immunochromatography assay were reviewed, so as to provide references for the related studies.

On the basis of extensive literature retrieval, the studies on the inducements and treatment technologies of sleepwalking were summarized, so as to provide scientific materials for the health care of people.

In recent years, China′s pet medical industry has developed rapidly. The scale of this industry has continued to expand, the demand for pet medical talents has kept strong, and the competition for high-quality talents has become increasingly intense. However, the problems in talents development in this industry have been arising. Based on the investigation on China′s pet market, this paper analyzed the current status of talents development in pet medical industry, sorted out and expounded the factors restricting the talents development of this industry, and also put forward some corresponding strategies to deal with the problems in the talents development in this industry.

The dairy industry is an important part of the animal husbandry industry, and the dairy product industry chain is one of the most complex food industry chains. Dairy product safety cannot be ignored and is a global issue. Through long-term practice, the Netherlands has established a relatively comprehensive dairy product safety supervision system. Based on this, this paper comprehensively analyzes the regulatory advantages of the Dutch dairy product industry chain from the development status and characteristics of the Dutch dairy industry and the food supervision system. Furthermore, it proposes development recommendations for the supervision of food safety in China′s dairy industry from three aspects: the quality of raw milk, regulatory authorities, and financial support, aiming to promote the high-quality development of dairy product safety supervision in China.

In order to provide a reference for use of single cell protein and bacteria protein feed,this paper expounds the basic concepts,characteristics,production process and safety of single cell protein feed and also points out its significance and development prospects.

Fermented Chinese herbal medicine combines the pharmacological effects of Chinese herbal medicine with the health benefits of probiotics. During the fermentation process, Chinese herbal medicine offers nutrients to microorganisms and promotes their growth, while the enzymes and metabolites produced by microorganisms stimulate the release of effective ingredients in Chinese herbal medicine, reduce the toxicity of derivative preparations, and also synthesize novel active ingredients to enhance the drug efficacy. The fermentation process also decompose the active macromolecules or polymers into small molecules, facilitating transmembrane transport and aiding in the absorption of active substances by the body. In addition, some microorganisms in fermented Chinese herbal medicine inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and work synergistically with Chinese herbal medicine to jointly combat pathogens. Under the background of reducing antibiotics use and replacing antibiotics, fermented Chinese herbal medicine, as a type of green feed additive, has great utilization value and prospects in animal husbandry. This paper summarizes the research progress on the characteristics of fermented Chinese herbal medicine and application in animal production, in hoping to provide references for the further development and utilization of fermented Chinese herbal feed additives.

[Objective] This study focuses on the functional effectiveness of China′s live hog futures market, and evaluate its price discovery efficiency and risk aversion efficacy, to provide a basis for government optimization of hog production capacity regulation and enterprise participation in market-based hedging, thereby maintaining producers′ production incentives and safeguarding consumer welfare. [Methods] Cointegration tests and vector error correction models were employed to reveal the long-term equilibrium relationship and short-term adjustment mechanisms between futures and spot prices. The information share model and permanent-transitory model were used to quantify the contributions of futures and spot markets to price discovery. An ordinary least squares （OLS） regression model and error correction model （ECM） were constructed to estimate the optimal hedging ratio and risk hedging efficiency. [Results] The findings indicate that China′s live hog futures market plays a leading role in price discovery, with a significant long-term equilibrium relationship between futures and spot prices, where short-term price deviations converge toward long-term equilibrium through the error correction mechanism. China′s live hog futures market demonstrates a certain degree of effectiveness in hedging, while also showing potential for further development as a tool for market-based management of hog price risk. [Conclusion] The study results suggest that the government can optimize threshold settings for reserve meat regulation using futures price signals, and the price discovery function of the futures market can provide forward-looking market signals for production capacity early warning mechanisms. Leading hog breeding enterprises can utilize dynamic hedging strategies to stabilize business expectations. These findings provide an empirical basis for improving China's agricultural futures market system and promoting innovation in agricultural risk management tools.

Ventilation in animal housing refers to the exchanging process of internal and external air, which is crucial for maintaining good air quality as well as regulating temperature and humidity in animal housing, and for reducing the risk of respiratory diseases in animals. The primary ventilation patterns in animal housing include natural and mechanical ventilation. Natural ventilation relies on natural forces and is suitable for open animal housing, while mechanical ventilation controls air movement within housing using machinery equipment, offering more flexibility. The factors such as animal species, layout and structure of animal housing, climate and geographical location should be taken into account in selection of ventilation patterns. The comfort of animal housing environment directly impacts the health status and production performance of animals. High temperature and high humidity environment may cause heat stress in animals, and further affects their feed intake, growth and immune function. Accordingly, scientific and reasonable ventilation management is of great significance for maintaining health and improving production efficiency of animals. This paper introduced the commonly used ventilation patterns in animal housing, expounded the impacts of different ventilation patterns on environmental factors, and reviewed the research progress on the effects of ventilation patterns on animals′ physiological and biochemical parameters and production performance, in hoping to provide theoretical basis for the design and construction of ventilation systems in animal housing.

The aim was to investigate the elinieal significance of blood routine examination in pets. Routine blood eheeks including quantitative measurement results （like total leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count, erythroeyte count and index and platelet count and index） and qualitative test result （like blood smear morphologie examination） are adopted so as to provide a reference for pet clinical diagnosis, observation on the therapeutic effect and prognosis of the disease.

Stellera chamaejasme, belonging to Thymelaeaceae, is widely distributed in grassland and is highly toxic for bovine, sheep and other domestic animals. The mistakenly eating of Stellera chamaejasme commonly results in diarrhea and even death of animals. However, the secondary metabolites of Stellera chamaejasme exhibit strong insecticidal and bactericidal activity, which has the potential to develop as green pesticide products. Here, we introduced the basic characteristics, geographical distribution, and ecological harm to the environment of Stellera chamaejasme, reviewed the medicinal value and status of research, development and utilization of Stellera chomo~jasme, described the allelopathy of Stellera chamaejasme, and prospected the application of SteUera chamaejasme, so as to provide a theoretical basis for achieving the application value of SteUera chamaejasme in the aspects of green pesticide development and environmental protection.

Amoxicillin （AMO） is one of the semi-synthetic β-lactamic antibiotics. It is widely used in veterinary clinic due to its strong acid resistance, good bactericidal effect, broad antibacterial spectrum, high water solubility, and various dosage forms. This paper reviews the physical and chemical properties, antibacterial mechanism, safety, and applicability in treatment of animal infectious diseases of AMO, in hoping to offer references for its scientific and rational use in veterinary clinic.

Iron is one of the essential trace elements for the life activities of human and animals. It participates in the biosynthesis and metabolism of hemoglobin,myoglobin and many kinds of oxidases and it is closely related with enhancing the organism immunity, increasing animal＇ s reproductivity and growth indicators . As a kind of high-quality organic iron source, iron amino acid chelate was paid attentions to because of its advantages （high absorption rate, high biological efficiency and little pollution to the environment and so on）. The absorption and metabolism in vivo, physiological functions of iron amino acid chelate and its applications in the practice were elaborated, in order to provide references for the related researches.

The ruminal and intestinal microorganisms in ruminants are in a complex microecosystem, and their diversity and nutritional metabolism are closely related to various factors in this system. Understanding the diversity variations and nutritional metabolism mechanisms of ruminal and intestinal microorganisms in ruminants is an important basis for improving animal welfare, animal production efficiency and animal product quality as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions by human intervention. The relationship between diversity and nutritional metabolism of ruminal and intestinal microorganisms in ruminants and the individual environmental factor has been extensively studied and some advances have been achieved, which plays a certain role in guiding production practice and protecting the environment. This paper reviews the research advances on diversity of ruminal and intestinal microorganisms in ruminants in China and abroad in recent years, as well as interactions and corresponding mechanisms between microorganisms and host animals, diet structures and environmental factors, in hoping to provide references for exploring the roles and mechanisms of ruminal and intestinal microorganisms in nutritional metabolism in ruminants.

[Objective] To provide a scientific immunization program for the prevention and control of wild-type pseudorabies virus infection in a large-scale pig farm. [Method] Epidemiological investigation was carried out in the infected pigs that immunized with the classical strain of Bartha-K61, and the serum levels of gB and gE antibodies were detected by ELISA. [Result] The epidemiological investigation, pathological autopsy and serum antibody detection preliminarily confirmed that the affected pigs were infected by wild-type pseudorabies virus. Through the emergency immunization of vaccine prepared with pseudorabies virus HB2000 strain, adjustment of immunization procedures and implementation of drug health care measures, the mortality rate of finishing pigs was reduced from 2.56% to 0.60%; except for 4-week-old and 12-week-old pigs, the antibody levels against the wild-type pseudorabies virus of the other pigs were all decreased; the positive rate against the wild-type pseudorabies virus of the stud boars and 8-week-old, 10-week-old and 14-week-old pigs was 0. [Conclusion] The Bartha-K61 vaccine cannot provide the complete protection. It can effectively control the infection of wild-type pseudorabies virus by emergency immunization of vaccine prepared with HB2000 strain that sharing high homology with the prevalent viral strain. Furthermore, strengthening of the biological safety measures is also helpful and urgent.

Flavonoid compounds exist in a variety of plants in nature. They are a class of important natural active ingredients with a range of biological activities, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, antibiosis, anti-tumor, immune regulation, and have a wide range of application. The source, structure, classification, extraction techniques, biological activity of flavonoid compounds as well as their applications in medicine and animal production are reviewed, in hoping to provide references for further research and development of flavonoid compounds.

Cottonseed meal, the light red and yellow granular articles, is obtained from cottonseed by processing technics of press and extraction. The crude protein content of cottonseed meal is second only to soybean meal and reaches above 40%. Accordingly, cottonseed meal is one of the good resources of plant protein and is widely applied in livestock breeding industry as feedstuff. However, there are a series of anti-nutritional factors in cottonseed meal, including free gossypol, tannin, phytic acid, cyclopropane fatty acid, etc. These anti-nutritional factors show toxic effect to animals, which constricts the application of cottonseed meal in animals production. With the goal of providing references for the rational application of cottonseed meal in animal production, we reviewed the nutritional composition of cottonseed meal and its application in poultry and animal production.

Acidity is one of the most important test items of fresh milk in recent years. The degree of acidity affects the freshnessof fresh milk directly, therefore it affects the quality of fresh milk. In this paper, the reason of the origin, normal range andabnormal acidity of fresh milk are summarized, and the preventive measures are given.

Small peptide has many specific nutritional physiology functions. Small peptide is very important in the process of protein metabolism and its benefit becomes more apparent. The absorption mechanism and specific nutritional functions of small peptides were reviewed.

During the process of silage, the anaerobic environment can not be completely achieved by fermentation of silage raw materials alone, which not only results in the increase of pH value and ammonia nitrogen content as well as the decrease of lactic acid content in silage, but also may lead to the fermentation of undesirable microorganisms, affecting the effect of silage. To reduce the loss of nutrients during the fermentation process of silage and to improve the fermentation quality and nutritional value of silage, additives are commonly used in silage preparation. The frequently used additives for silage mainly include the following four types: bacterial inoculants, enzyme preparations, fermentation inhibitors and non-protein nitrogen. Different types of additives improve the fermentation quality of silage through varied ways, further ameliorating the nutritional value and feeding effect of silage. This paper reviewed the research progress on the impacts of different types of additives on sensory quality, fermentation quality and microbial diversity of silage, in hoping to provide a reference for the scientific selection of silage additives.

Diarrhea is a common disease in calf rearing. Serious diarrhea always causes death of calf and brings huge economic loss to dairy cow breeding industry worldwide. While the emergence and prevalence of calf diarrhea was controlled in some of the dairy farms to some extent as the increase of feeding level, the calf diarrhea is still hard to be completely controlled due to the numerous infectious etiologies and the complex infection situation. The research progress on laboratory diagnosis methods of infectious etiology of calf diarrhea was reviewed in this paper, with the hope to provide theoretical foundation for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of calf diarrhea.

Genes, as mediators of genetic information, determine the performance of the creature′s traits. The occurrence of genetic sequence variation is an inevitable trend of organisms to adapt to the environmental changes. The allele in the diploid organism is a pair of genes that controls relative traits. Therefore, the effect of allele specific expression varies depending on the cell type and its developmental stage, showing differences between different individuals. Differential expression of alleles plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression and may ultimately be linked to phenotypic polymorphisms in organisms. Allele specific expression analysis has been widely used in animal studies to help improve the ability to identify and regulate genetic variation. The research progress on the formation mechanism of allele specific expression and its application is reviewed, in hoping to provide a theoretical basis for further revealing the genetic mechanism of allele specific expression and accelerating its application in animal production.

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins which belong to the superfamily of transcription factors are widely distributed in eukaryotes. At present, most of the functions of bHLH transcription factors have been identified in animals, however, it's study in plants is relatively limited. As the second major transcription factors in plants, based on their interactions between specific amino acids and the target genes, bHLH transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and development, physiological metabolism and stress response, and then regulate the expression of associated genes. In order to further understand the information on function and characteristics of bHLH transcription factors in plants, we reviewed their structural features, classification and biological functions, with focus on the most recently reported investigations on their response to abiotic stress. Our review may provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of plant bHLH transcription factors in response to stress.

[Objective] Routine nutrient parameters with high reference value of Albas goat and Ordos fine wool sheep muscle were obtained, which provided reference for nutrition evaluation, product standard revision and publicity. [Methods] A total of 204 biceps femoris and longissimus dorsi muscles were collected from eight breeds of goats and sheep, including Ordos Albas goats, Ordos fine wool sheep, goats and sheep from Alxa, Ningxia and Shanxi. Four routine nutrient contents were determined, and descriptive statistics and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed. [Results] The protein, fat, moisture and ash contents （X±2SD, g/100 g） of Albas goat meat were （22.10±1.41）, （3.95±1.11）, （73.65±1.43） and （1.49±0.31） g/100 g, respectively. The protein content was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that of other breeds of goats and sheep;the fat content is lower than that of Alxa white cashmere goats and Hengshan goats, but the difference is not significant （P>0.05）; the moisture content is significantly higher than that of Hengshan goats （P<0.05）. Samples from core producing areas showed significantly （P<0.05） higher protein content than those from non-core producing areas. The protein, fat, moisture and ash contents of Ordos fine wool mutton were （20.25±1.63）, （5.68±2.16）, （72.61±2.18） and （1.59±0.46） g/100 g, respectively. Intramuscular fat content was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that of other breeds of goats and sheep. The protein content of Ordos fine wool sheep in Wushenzhao Town was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that in the other two towns. The supervised OPLS-DA results of routine nutrients showed that goats and sheep had a clustering separation tendency, with protein and ash being the major contributing factors. When fat was replaced by four comprehensive indicators of fatty acids, the clustering separation was more obvious, and the separation effect of breed/region was also better. The major contributing indicators were ash, saturated fatty acid （SFA）, polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA）, monoun-saturated fatty acid （MUFA） and trans fatty acid （TFA）. [Conclusion] Albas goats meat exhibited nutritional advantages with high protein, low fat and strong water-holding capacity. Ordos fine wool sheep showed significantly higher intramuscular fat content compared with other breeds of goats and sheep, indicating that the sensory quality was better. Further research should be carried out in terms of texture indicators.

The paper introduces recent progress in the applications of proanthocyanidin in prevention and treatment of cancer and angiocardiopathy as well as treatment of eye disease, and it also discusses the safety of proanthocyanidin in practice in order to provide a reference for further development of proanthocyanidin.

Fish ethology is an ancient but young science and has great significance for evolution of animal behavior and development of fisheries production. With recent development of fishery production, to improve the old production technology, to explore application of new technology, control of fish behavior in marine agricultural-pastoralization and changes in fish behavior and control in water conservancy construction, agricultural irrigation and water pollution are closely related to the research about fish behavior. The feeding behavior, reproductive behavior and mi~rator＇~ behavior included in fish behavior were reviewed.

Serratia marcescens is found commonly in the nature with a wide range of applications. It can be used as type culture of the basic microbiology research, preparation for anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal, or in environmental remediation and chemical industry. Although some strains of the bacteria can be the opportunistic pathogen, but it may bring human many benefits in the current and future.

Alkaloid is a kind of nitrogen-containing organic compounds that widely existed in the nature,which is of special medicinal value. The extraction, separation and content determination methods of alkaloid from natural medicinal herb Catharanthus roseus were summarized, so as to provide certain reference for the industrial production and scientific research of alkaloid in C. roseus.

China is one of the largest corn production countries in the world and the planting of forage corn plays an important role in animal husbandry production. In order to better understand the production status of forage corn in China, it is necessary to review the relevant studies on its species, yield and quality. The results showed that the planting area of forage corn was mainly distributed in Heilongjiang Province, Beijing and surrounding areas, Tianjin and surrounding areas,and Inner Mongolia, but it was little distributed in Ningxia, Siehuan, Zhejiang and Fujian. More than 68 varieties/species of forage corn were suitable for planting in different regions. The dry matter yield was 16.1-28.5 t/hm2,crude protein （CP） was from 7.69% to 8.42% , and neutral detergent fiber （NDF）and acid detergent fiber （ADF） were 55.30%-84.99% and 30.34%-49.31% respectively. The results will help dairy farmers to develop the production of whole-plant forage corn and will provide references for making plans of planting forage corn in different regions of China.