[Objective] To study the preparation, characterization, and antioxidant activity of resveratrol-zein nanoparticle （Res-ZeinNPs） systems based on the anti-solvent method. [Methods] Res-ZeinNPs were prepared using the anti-solvent method, and the formulation was optimized via orthogonal design. The Res-ZeinNPs were systematically characterized, and their release profiles under different pH conditions and antioxidant activity were dynamically evaluated. [Results] Four factors-zein mass, ethanol volume, Res mass, and ultrapure water volume-showed highly significant effects on encapsulation efficiency （P<0.01）. The optimal conditions for preparing Res-ZeinNPs were: zein mass 75 mg, 70% ethanol 75 mL, Res mass 2.5 mg, and ultrapure water 200 mL. The resulting particles achieved an encapsulation efficiency of 98.13% and a drug loading capacity of 20.9%. Transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that Res-ZeinNPs were spherical, with a modal particle size of approximately 150 nm and a negative charge. In vitro release studies indicated that Res-ZeinNPs exhibited pH-responsive release characteristics; at pH 1.2 and 7.4, the 24 h cumulative release rates were 38.80% and 45.24%, respectively, both highly significantly lower （P<0.01） than raw Res powder. DPPH radical scavenging assays demonstrated that Res-ZeinNPs had a significantly higher （P<0.05） DPPH scavenging rate than raw Res powder. [Conclusion] Res-ZeinNPs exhibit high encapsulation efficiency, favorable sustained-release properties, and enhanced antioxidant activity, which can improve the stability and bioavailability of resveratrol.

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of adding different doses of Abelmoschus manihot （L.） Medic flavonoids （AMF） to drinking water on immune organ development, serum immune indices, antioxidant indices, and disease resistance in houdan chickens. [Methods] A total of 120 eight-week-old houdan chickens were randomly divided into five groups. The blank control group （Group C） received normal drinking water; the antibiotic control group （Group A） received water supplemented with 0.005% chlortetracycline; and the low-, medium-, and high-dose AMF groups （Groups L, M, and H) received water supplemented with 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% AMF, respectively. After a 42-day feeding trial, immune organ indices, serum immune indices, antioxidant indices, and disease resistance parameters were measured. [Results] Compared with Group C, the thymus index in Groups L and H increased significantly （P<0.05）. Serum IgG and IgM levels in Groups A, L, M, and H were significantly higher （P<0.05）. Serum IL-6 level was significantly elevated in Group A （P<0.05）, while IL-10 level was significantly increased in Group H （P<0.05）. Serum SOD content was significantly decreased in Group A （P<0.05） but significantly increased in Group H （P<0.05）. Serum CAT content was significantly increased in Groups A, L, M, and H （P<0.05）. Serum MDA content was significantly increased in Group A （P<0.05） but significantly decreased in Groups M and H （P<0.05）. Serum TP, ALB, and GLO levels in Groups L, M, and H were elevated, though not significantly （P>0.05）. Compared with Group A, the thymus index in Groups L and H increased, while the spleen and bursa indices decreased. All immune organ indices in Group M decreased, though not significantly （P>0.05）. Serum IgM levels in Groups M and H were significantly lower （P<0.05）. Serum IL-6 levels in Groups L, M, and H were significantly lower （P<0.05）, while IL-10 level was significantly higher in Group H （P<0.05）. Serum SOD content in Group H was significantly increased （P<0.05）, and MDA content in Groups L, M, and H was significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Serum TP, ALB, and GLO levels in Groups L, M, and H were elevated （P>0.05）. [Conclusion] Supplementation of AMF in drinking water can promote immune organ development, increase serum immunoglobulin and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, enhance antioxidant capacity and disease resistance in houdan chickens, suggesting its potential as an antibiotic alternative.

[Objective] To investigate the effects of adding different levels of garlic peel to the diet on the growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, and economic efficiency of Huanghu F₁ lambs. [Methods] Eighteen 4-month-old male Huanghu F₁ lambs with similar body weight and good body condition were randomly divided into a control group, experimental group 1, and experimental group 2, with three replicates per group and two lambs per replicate. The control group was fed the basal diet, while experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 were fed diets in which 20.00% and 33.34% of garlic peel, respectively, replaced part of peanut vines and corn silage in the roughage portion of the basal diet. The trial included a 7-day pre-experimental period and a 28-day formal experimental period. At the end of formal experimental period, growth performance indicators, slaughter performance indicators and meat quality indicators were measured, and economic efficiency were calculated [Results] Compared with the control group, lambs in the 20.00% garlic peel group showed no significant differences in final body weight, average daily gain, feed-to-gain ratio, pre-slaughter live weight, carcass weight, net meat weight, slaughter rate, meat-to-bone ratio, meat L*, a*, b* values, pH, water-holding capacity, and shear force （P>0.05）; feed-to-gain ratio increased significantly （P<0.05）; eye muscle area increased extremely significantly （P<0.01）, carcass net meat percentage decreased extremely significantly （P<0.01）; cooking loss decreased significantly （P<0.05）. In the 33.34% garlic peel group, compared with the control group, final body weight, slaughter rate, meat-to-bone ratio, meat a* and b* values, pH, water-holding capacity, and shear force showed no significant differences （P>0.05）; eye muscle area increased extremely significantly （P<0.01）; feed-to-gain ratio increased significantly （P<0.05）; pre-slaughter live weight, carcass weight, net meat weight, carcass net meat percentage, and meat L* decreased extremely significantly （P<0.01）; average daily gain and cooking loss decreased significantly （P<0.05）. Compared with the 33.34% garlic peel group, lambs in the 20.00% garlic peel group showed no significant differences in final body weight, average daily gain, slaughter rate, meat-to-bone ratio, meat a* and b* values, and shear force （P>0.05）; pre-slaughter live weight, carcass weight, net meat weight, carcass net meat percentage, eye muscle area, and meat L* increased extremely significantly （P<0.01）; pH and cooking loss increased significantly （P<0.05）; feed-to-gain ratio and water-holding capacity decreased significantly （P<0.05）. Economic efficiency of the 20.00% garlic peel group was the same as the control group, whereas the 33.34% garlic peel group showed a 13.77% reduction in economic efficiency compared with the control. [Conclusion] Adding 20.00% or 33.34% garlic peel to the diet of Huanghu F₁ lambs do not significantly improve growth performance, slaughter performance, or economic efficiency, and has limited effect on overall meat quality improvement.

Intestinal health is a key foundation for maintaining normal physiological functions and overall welfare of pet cats and dogs, with the balanced state of the intestinal microbiota playing a central regulatory role in this process. This review focuses on the effects of probiotics on intestinal health of pet cats and dogs, systematically summarizing the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the intestines of pet cats and dogs, and the composition of their intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, it analyzes the core mechanisms by which probiotics improve intestinal health of pet cats and dogs, including regulating the structural balance of the gut microbiota, enhancing digestive and absorptive efficiency, alleviating intestinal inflammatory responses, and reducing allergic symptoms. Meanwhile, the review summarizes the practical application effects of probiotics of pet husbandry, such as promoting growth performance, preventing and assisting in the treatment of intestinal diseases, and enhancing immune function. Finally, based on the current research status, future research directions are prospected, aiming to provide references for the in-depth study and rational application of probiotics in the field of pet health husbandry.

[Objective] This study aimed to clarify the effects of Na₂CO₃ and boric acid on seed germination and seedling growth of sweet sorghum. [Methods] Two forage sweet sorghum cultivars, Zhongke Tian 438 and 968, were used as experimental materials. Using ultrapure water as the control, two experimental groups were established, Na₂CO₃ was tested at 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 120 and 200 mmol/L, and boric acid at 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50 and 70 mmol/L. Germination tests were conducted under constant temperature 25 ℃ and dark conditions, daily germination counts were recorded. At the end of the test, radicle length, plumule length, fresh weight, and dry weight were measured. Germination percentage, germination potential, germination index, vigour index, salt injury rate, and seedling water content were calculated. The effects of Na₂CO₃ on seed germination and seedling growth were fitted using linear regression and exponential regression equations to determine critical concentrations. The membership function method was applied to evaluate the suitable boric acid concentration for sweet sorghum. [Results] For cultivar 438, germination rate, germination potential, and germination index were significantly lower than those of the control at Na₂CO₃ concentrations of 40, 80, 120, and 200 mmol/L （P<0.05）. Radicle length and fresh weight were significantly lower at concentrations of 20, 40, 80, 120, and 200 mmol/L （P<0.05）. At Na₂CO₃ concentrations of 80, 120, and 200 mmol/L, the germination rate, germination potential, and germination index of cultivar 968 seeds were significantly lower than those of the control group （P<0.05）; while at concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 80, 120, and 200 mmol/L, both plumule length and radicle length of cultivar 968 seedlings were significantly lower than control group （P<0.05）. Based on linear regression fitting, the suitable saline alkali concentration, semi lethal concentration, and lethal concentration for cultivar 438 seeds were 34.52, 87.90, and 206.66 mmol/L, respectively; for cultivar 968 seeds, the corresponding values were 46.82, 79.84, and 186.85 mmol/L. Boric acid within the tested range had no significant effect on germination rate of either cultivar （P>0.05）. At a boric acid concentration of 1 mmol/L, plumule and radicle lengths of cultivar 438 and radicle length of cultivar 968 were significantly higher than those of the control （P< 0.05）. However, at boric acid concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, and 70 mmol/L, radicle length, plumule length, and fresh weight of cultivar 968 were significantly lower than control group （P<0.05）. Similarly, at boric acid concentrations of 10, 15, 25, 50, and 70 mmol/L, these parameters of cultivar 438 seeds were significantly lower than those of the control （P<0.05）. The membership function analysis indicated that the optimal boric acid concentration for both cultivars was 1 mmol/L. [Conclusion] Cultivar 968 sweet sorghum seeds showed better adaptability to mild saline-alkali stress, while cultivar 438 exhibited stronger tolerance to moderate and severe saline-alkali conditions. Within the tested concentration range, 1 mmol/L boric acid promoted seedling growth of both sweet sorghum cultivars and can be recommended as a suitable concentration for seedling cultivation of these varieties.

[Objective] To clarify the effects of grazing intensity on temperate meadow grassland ecosystems in China. [Methods] A meta-analysis was conducted by searching CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to June 2025. The Chinese keyword combinations were "soil microorganisms or bacteria or fungi or actinomycetes", "grazing intensity", and "temperate meadow grassland"; the English keywords included "grazing or livestock or stocking rate", "grazing capacity", and "temperate meadow grassland". Literature meeting the inclusion criteria was screened to examine the responses of plant communities, soil nutrients, and soil microorganisms in China's temperate meadow grasslands to grazing intensities. [Results] Compared with ungrazed plots, light grazing significantly decreased microbial biomass nitrogen content by 37.3% and significantly increased the light fraction organic carbon content by 26.2%. Moderate grazing significantly reduced aboveground biomass and microbial biomass nitrogen content by 100.3% and 41.8%, respectively. Under heavy grazing, aboveground biomass, soil organic carbon, and total nitrogen contents were significantly reduced by 122.2%, 23.8%, and 26.7%, respectively. [Conclusion] The results indicate that heavy grazing significantly degrades ecosystem functions of temperate meadow grasslands in China and is detrimental to ecosystem sustainability. In contrast, light grazing is an appropriate intensity for maintaining grassland ecological functions. These findings provide a scientific basis for formulating grazing management strategies for temperate meadow grasslands, suggesting that reducing grazing intensity can achieve a balance between ecological conservation and livestock production.

[Objective] To explore the effects of ascorbic acid （AsA） priming on the seed vigor of Lespedeza davurica under drought stress. [Methods] Taking the seeds of L. davurica ′Jinnong No.1′ as the test material, 15% PEG-6000 solution was used to simulate drought stress. The seeds were primed with AsA solutions at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mmol/L for 0 （CK）, 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours respectively, followed by germination tests. The variation patterns of germination percentage （Gp）, germination index （Gi）, mean germination time （MGT） and seedling vigor index （SVI） were analyzed. [Results] Exogenous AsA priming improved the seed vigor of L. davurica under drought stress. Both priming concentration and duration were closely related to the changes in Gp, Gi, SVI and MGT of L. davurica seeds under drought stress. When the seeds were primed with 1.0 mmol/L AsA for 9 hours, the Gp, Gi and SVI of L. davurica seeds under drought stress reached the maximum values, while the MGT reached the minimum value. Compared with CK, Gp, Gi and SVI were increased by 200.00%, 265.54% and 508.33% respectively, and MGT was shortened by 16.74%. [Conclusion] Exogenous AsA at a concentration of 1.0 mmol/L with a priming duration of 9 h showed the best effect on improving the seed vigor of L. davurica under drought stress.

[Objective] To investigate the differences in seed vigor and storage tolerance among different oat varieties under artificial aging conditions. [Methods] Thirty oat varieties were selected as experimental materials. Artificial aging technology was used to simulate high-temperature and high-humidity storage conditions （constant temperature of 45 ℃ and relative humidity of 95%) for an aging treatment of 4 days, with non-aged seeds serving as the control （CK）. Seed vigor indicators, such as germination potential, germination percentage, and germination index, as well as seedling growth indicators such as root-to-shoot ratio, root length, and seedling length, were measured. The storage tolerance of the tested oat seeds was comprehensively evaluated using aging tolerance coefficients of individual indicators, comprehensive aging tolerance coefficients, principal component analysis, membership function analysis, and systematic clustering analysis. [Results] Compared with the control, the germination potential, germination rate, and germination index of all tested oat varieties significantly decreased （P<0.05） after artificial aging treatment. Specifically, the germination potential of 29 varieties, the germination index of 28 varieties, and the germination rate of 22 varieties decreased by more than 60%. The mean germination time was significantly prolonged （P<0.05）, with 28 varieties increasing by 1-3 days. The root-to-shoot ratio, seedling length, and root length generally showed a downward trend （with a few varieties as exceptions）. For a comprehensive evaluation of storage tolerance, seven germination indicators were reduced to four independent comprehensive indicators by principal component analysis （cumulative contribution rate of 96.99%）, the membership function was used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation value for storage tolerance （D）, and systematic clustering classified the storage tolerance of the tested oat seeds into three types：3 strong storage-tolerant type （Dingyan 2, Linna, Mengyan 1） with D≥0.657, 15 moderate storage-tolerant type （Baiyan 7, Bayan 6, Fuxing, Furui Zhi, Zhangyan 4, Baiyan 19, Russian White, Caoyou 1, Qingyin 1, Qingyin 2, Fuyan 60, Muwang, Baiyan 12, Baiyan 17, Aiske） with 0.657>D≥0.401, and 12 weak storage-tolerant type （Jiayan 2, Kaimo, Tianyan 70, Beile II, Mulesi, Qinghai 444, Fuyan 1, Tianyan 1, Qingyan 1, Fuyan 2, Baiyan 11, Tianyan 3） with 0.401>D≥0.156. [Conclusion] Dingyan 2, Linna, and Mengyan 1 were identified as strong storage-tolerant elite germplasm resources. The established comprehensive evaluation system combining "principal component analysis+membership function+clustering analysis" provides a standardized method for precise evaluation of oat storage tolerance, offering significant practical value for guiding efficient oat seed storage and the high-quality development of the industry.

[Objective] The study aimed to scientifically evaluate the high-quality development level of animal husbandry in different regions of China, analyze the key issues faced by regional animal husbandry development, and propose reasonable policy recommendations. [Methods] Based on four key elements of high-quality development-innovation, coordination, greenness, and sharing-a complete evaluation index system was constructed, with representative variables selected as secondary indicators. The entropy weight-TOPSIS model was applied to empirically assess the high-quality development level of animal husbandry in 31 provinces （excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan） of China from 2012 to 2023. [Results] Innovation and coordination development levels received the highest weights, reflecting the emphasis placed on innovation and coordinated development in promoting high-quality animal husbandry in China. At the specific indicator level, the total number of technicians in animal husbandry stations, labor productivity of employees, and beef output were the important factors influencing the high-quality development of animal husbandry. Constrained by resources, technology, and supply structure, the high-quality development scores of animal husbandry in all regions during 2012-2023 did not exceed 0.6. Provinces such as Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Liaoning showed relatively high levels of high-quality development in animal husbandry, while provinces in the northwest and southwest, including Guizhou, Chongqing, Ningxia, Qinghai, and Xizang, scored significantly lower, and other provinces generally remained at intermediate levels. In general, northeastern and central regions outperformed northwestern and southwestern regions. [Conclusion] All regions should increase investment in animal husbandry, strengthen regional cooperation, extend industrial chains, and promote coordinated high-quality development of animal husbandry nationwide.

The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is an important ecological security and security-stability barrier in northern China, as well as a key bridgehead for northern openness. Inner Mongolia is rich in grassland resources, and as of 2024, grasslands account for 74% of the total land area of the region. Grassland animal husbandry is not only a pillar industry on which herders depend for their livelihoods, but also safeguard ecological security in North and Northeast China, with multiple values in ecology, economy, and society. Based on the realistic conditions of grassland animal husbandry development in Inner Mongolia, this review points out that traditional grassland animal husbandry faces prominent conflicts between grass and livestock, strong seasonal influences, and frequent natural disasters and other problems, and is under dual pressure from grassland ecological conservation and livestock production development, with no obvious potential for growth under the traditional development model. Therefore, based on the concept of "ecological priority and green development" and guided by the strategy of invigorating animal husbandry through science and technology, it is necessary to vigorously promote intensive and modernized development models for grassland animal husbandry to facilitate its transformation. By adopting advanced technologies and scientific management approaches, a modern organic grassland animal husbandry ecosystem should be constructed. Through implementing intensive management, promoting no-till reseeding technologies, and fostering appropriately scaled family ranches and other approaches, high-efficiency production and operation of grassland animal husbandry can be achieved while emphasizing the sustainable development of environmental resources, adhering to a development pathway characterized by high quality, high productivity, and high efficiency, and ultimately realizing synergistic win-win outcomes in economic and social development, rural revitalization, and pastoral area modernization in Inner Mongolia.

Under the background of the comprehensive advancement of the rural revitalization strategy and the green transformation of agriculture, the resource utilization of sugar industry by-products has become a key link in promoting circular agricultural development. The resource utilization of sugar industry by-products such as bagasse, molasses, filter mud is of great significance for alleviating environmental pressure and improving resource use efficiency, and is closely related to the low-carbon transformation of animal husbandry and the increase of farmers' income. The utilization of sugar industry by-products as feed can promote the reduction and harmless treatment of agricultural waste while expanding the value space of the industrial chain and supporting the sustainable development of rural industries. Centering on the green premium of the feed utilization of sugar industry by-products, this study systematically reviews the connotation characteristics, formation mechanisms, and realization pathways of the green premium from four dimensions: resource scarcity and ecological value transformation, market demand drive, technological innovation empowerment, and policy incentive guarantee. Combined with practical explorations such as circular economy models, enhancement of market competitiveness, brand building, and ecological value quantification, this review elucidates its role in promoting industrial upgrading and ecological benefit transformation, providing a theoretical framework for the efficient utilization of sugar industry by-products and the improvement of green premium mechanisms, as well as a practical reference for the development of ecological agriculture and industrial transformation and upgrading.

Bone health is one of the important factors influencing broiler health and the sustainable development of the poultry industry. Under intensive farming conditions, the rapid growth of broilers can lead to a range of skeletal problems, which reduce production performance and severely restrict industry development. During skeletal development in broilers, angiogenesis and osteogenesis are closely coupled, and their proper functioning is crucial for bone health. As natural products, Chinese herbal medicines with the advantages of green, residue-free, and posing a low risk of drug resistance, holding broad application prospects for the prevention and treatment of skeletal diseases. Studies have shown that Chinese herbal medicines and their active components can improve bone health by regulating bone metabolism, bone immunity, and angiogenesis. This review outlines the regulatory mechanisms of osteogenesis and bone angiogenesis in broilers, summarizes the bone-protective mechanisms of single-herb or compound formulations, such as Drynaria fortunei, Morinda officinalis, Cnidium monnieri, Astragalus membranaceus and their active constituents through osteogenic and angiogenic properties, and analyzes the advantages and challenges of applying Chinese herbal medicines to broiler bone health. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the use of Chinese herbal medicines in maintaining skeletal health in broilers.

[Objective] To clarify the species and distribution of Cryptosporidium in introduced Tibetan pigs in Tacheng Area. [Methods] A total of 506 fecal samples were collected from Tibetan pigs in three introduction farms in Tacheng Area, including 126 samples from pre-weaning piglets （<30 days old）, 126 from post-weaning piglets （31-90 days old）, 130 from fattening pigs （91-180 days old）, and 124 from adult pigs （>240 days old）. Detection and sequence analysis were performed using nested PCR to identify Cryptosporidium species, and phylogenetic analysis was conducted to examine their genetic characteristics. [Results] Based on the Cryptosporidium SSU rRNA gene locus, the overall positive rate of Cryptosporidium infection in Tibetan pigs across the three farms was 11.26% （57/506）. The positive rates in Farm A, Farm B and Farm C were 8.00% （16/200）, 10.00% （20/200） and 19.81% （21/106）, respectively, showing an extremely significant statistical difference （P<0.01）. The positive rates in pre-weaning and post-weaning piglets were 8.73% （11/126） and 36.51% （46/126）, respectively, while no Cryptosporidium infection was detected in fattening pigs and adult pigs, with an extremely significant statistical difference （P<0.01）. Sequence alignment identified two Cryptosporidium species, namely C. suis （n=36） and C. scrofarum （n=21）. These two species clustered in the same clades as C. suis and C. scrofarum isolates from different hosts, respectively, and formed distinct clades and subclusters from other Cryptosporidium species. [Conclusion] Cryptosporidium infection is prevalent in Tibetan pigs from the three introduction farms in Tacheng Area, with pre-weaning and post-weaning piglets being highly susceptible. The infecting species are C. suis and C. scrofarum, suggesting that enhanced environmental control and Cryptosporidium prevention measures should be implemented in introduction farms.

[Objective] To investigate the infection status of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in grazing Yanqi horse populations in the Bayinbuluke Grassland. [Methods] A total of 103 non-diarrheic fecal samples were randomly collected from grazing Yanqi horses. Nested PCR combined with gene sequencing was used for accurate identification and genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. and G.duodenalis, and phylogenetic trees were constructed to analyze the genetic evolutionary relationships of the pathogens. [Results] Based on PCR detection of the Cryptosporidium spp. SSU rRNA gene fragment, the positive rate of Cryptosporidium spp. in Yanqi horses was 2.91% （3/103）, which were identified as Cryptosporidium hominis （n=2） and Cryptosporidium bovis （n=1）. Further sequence analysis of the gp60 gene fragment showed that the detected C. hominis isolates were all of the IkA16G1 subtype （n=2）. PCR detection targeting the G. duodenalis SSU rRNA gene fragment revealed a positive rate of 1.94% （2/103） in Yanqi horse population, and all were identified as Assemblage B （n=2）. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Cryptosporidium spp. and subtype sequences obtained in this study clustered with known sequences from multiple hosts, without obvious genetic isolation characteristics; meanwhile, the G. duodenalis Assemblage B sequences formed a monophyletic group with equine- and human-derived sequences, suggesting potential zoonotic risk. [Conclusion] The infection rates of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in grazing Yanqi horses in the Bayinbuluke Grassland were at relatively low levels, and systematic and continuous monitoring should be promoted in the future.

[Objective] To investigate tick species parasitizing sheep and the infection status of Anaplasma carried by ticks in parts of southern Xinjiang. [Methods] A total of 145 ticks were collected from sheep in Pishan, Minfeng, Hetian, Kalpin, Lop, and Awati counties in Southern Xinjiang. Tick species in these sites were identified using morphological and molecular biological methods. Based on the 16S rRNA and MSP4 gene loci of Anaplasma, PCR method was employed to detect Anaplasma infection in ticks. Infected Anaplasma species were identified by sequence alignment, and phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA 11.0 software for genetic evolutionary analysis. [Results] A total of five tick species belonging to three genera were identified: Hyalomma asiaticum （n=51）, Hyalomma anatolicum （n=4）, Rhipicephalus turanicus （n=75）, Dermacentor pavlovskyi （n=14）, and Dermacentor nuttalli （n=1）. The overall Anaplasma-positive rate in ticks was 28.28% （41/145）. Two Anaplasma species were detected, namely Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma ovis, with positive rates of 12.41% （18/145） and 15.86% （23/145）, respectively; the co-infection rate with both Anaplasma species was 0.69% （1/145）. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Anaplasma sequences obtained in this study had high homology with known Anaplasma sequences and did not form isolated genetic characteristics. [Conclusion] The dominant tick species in parts of southern Xinjiang are R. turanicus and H. asiaticum, and the Anaplasma carriage rate in ticks in this region is relatively high. These results provide data support for the prevention and treatment of tick-borne anaplasmosis in parts of southern Xinjiang.

[Objective] To evaluate the safety and immunoprotective efficacy of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus （IBRV） vaccine candidate strain IBRV/JSM. [Methods] Ten healthy calves aged 4-5 months were randomly divided into a control group and a vaccination group, with five calves in each group. Calves in the vaccination group were intramuscularly injected in the neck with 1 mL/head of candidate strain IBRV/JSM containing 10^5.0 TCID₅₀/mL, while calves in the control group received 1 mL/head of PBS in the neck. Clinical symptoms were recorded, and serum samples were collected to measure IBRV neutralizing antibody titers and analyze PCR detection results of IBRV nucleic acid. At 28 days post-immunization, both groups were challenged with IBRV/LN01-08 strain F5 seed virus containing 10^6.8 TCID₅₀/mL. Rectal temperatures of the calves were measured after challenge, and clinical signs of the calves were observed and recorded after challenge. [Results] Neutralizing antibody titers in the control calves remained <1∶ 2 within 28 days post-immunization. In the vaccinated calves, titers increased to 1∶28 at 14 days post-immunization, peaked at 1 ∶ 46 at 21 days post-immunization, and decreased to 1∶ 26 at 28 days. No abnormal clinical signs were observed in either group, and all serum PCR results were negative. After challenge, only one calf in the vaccination group showed a body temperature increase of more than 1 ℃ above the baseline, whereas all 5 calves in the control group exhibited elevated body temperature accompanied by typical IBR symptoms such as ocular and nasal discharges. [Conclusion] The vaccine candidate strain IBRV/JSM demonstrates good safety and immunogenicity and has the potential to serve as a novel vaccine candidate strain for the prevention and control of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in calves.

Wohlfahrtia magnifica is an obligate parasitic fly species with high pathogenicity to humans and livestock. Its larvae exhibit significant tissue invasiveness, capable of infesting hemorrhagic wounds on the body surface or entering the host through natural orifices such as the eyes, nose, and oral cavity, thereby causing severe zoonotic myiasis and resulting in substantial economic losses to the global livestock industry. This review systematically elaborates on the taxonomic status, geographical distribution, host range, and biological and ecological characteristics of W. magnifica, as well as the research status of molecular biology and genomics, and focuses on analyzing the current problems and challenges in integrated control strategies and the field of gene editing. Although significant progress has been made in fundamental research areas such as genomics in recent years, numerous research gaps remain regarding field control in livestock production, insecticide resistance monitoring, and the development of novel control technologies. Conducting in-depth studies in related fields are of great significance for improving the integrated control system of W. magnifica, reducing zoonotic risks, and ensuring the sustainable development of the livestock industry.