[Objective] To investigate the characteristics of soil bacterial community structures in Inner Mongolia grasslands and identify key environmental drivers, providing a microbiological basis for grassland ecosystem conservation. [Methods] Along a west-to-east gradient of Inner Mongolia grasslands （desert steppe, meadow steppe, natural meadow, and artificial grassland）, eight representative sampling sites were selected: Urad Grassland in Bayannur City （BM）, Urad Grassland in Baotou City （BT）, Gegentala Grassland in Ulanqab City （WH）, Huitengxile Grassland in Ulanqab City （HT）, Ulanqab Grassland in Ulanqab City （WL）, Hulun Buir Grassland in Hulun Buir City （HM）, Horqin Grassland in Tongliao City （TL）, and the core forage planting area in Ar Horqin Banner, Chifeng City （CF）. Soil samples from these eight sites were collected from the 0-20 cm soil layer. Soil physicochemical properties were measured and soil bacterial community compositions were characterized using high-throughput sequencing. Distance based redundancy analysis （dbRDA） and FAPROTAX functional prediction were employed to examine the structure, functional characteristics, and relationships with environmental factors of soil bacterial communities across different grasslands. [Results] ①Soils in Inner Mongolia grasslands were generally alkaline （pH 7.65-10.13）; ②Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Firmicutes were the three most abundant bacterial phyla, while Bacteroides, Rubrobacter, and Bacillus were the top three most abundant genera; ③dbRDA revealed that available phosphorus, organic matter, available potassium, pH, bulk density, total nitrogen, and total water-soluble salts were drivers of differences in bacterial community characteristics （cumulative explanation power：79.20%）; ④Ulanqab Grassland （WL） exhibited highest Shannon （10.41） and Chao1 （6 184.13） indices compared to other sites, with enrichment of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria and higher predatory or ectoparasitic functional activity. The bacterial community composition of Urad Grassland （BM） was highly similar to that of WL （ANOVA, P>0.05）; ⑤ FAPROTAX functional predictions indicated significant chemoheterotrophic activity in Hulun Buir Grassland （HM）, the strongest aerobic chemoheterotrophic activity in Horqin Grassland （TL）, robust nitrogen cycling activity in the core forage planting area in Ar Horqin Banner （CF）, and the highest aerobic ammonia oxidation and nitrification activity in Gegentala Grassland （WH）. [Conclusion] The soil bacterial community structure and functions in Inner Mongolia grasslands exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity, with Ulanqab Grassland （WL） displaying the highest microbial diversity and functional complexity. Soil physicochemical factors, including available phosphorus, organic matter, available potassium, pH, bulk density, total nitrogen, and total water-soluble salts, are crucial in shaping bacterial community structure. These findings provide valuable data for understanding the ecological mechanisms of soil bacteria and supporting sustainable management of Inner Mongolia grasslands.

[Objective] To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with selenoglucose on growth performance, meat quality, serum immune indices, and serum antioxidant indices in broilers. [Methods] A single-factor completely randomized design was employed, with 288 one-day-old, weight-matched, healthy, male Cobb 505 white-feather broilers randomly assigned to four groups （A-D）, each comprising six replicates of 12 birds. Group A was fed a corn-soybean basal diet; groups B, C, and D received the basal diet supplemented with 0.15 mg/kg, 0.30 mg/kg, and 0.60 mg/kg selenoglucose, respectively. The trial lasted 42 days and was divided into two phases based on composition and nutritional levels of the basal diet: early stage （1-21 days） and late stage （22-42 days）. At the end of 21 and 42 days, growth performance was measured, and blood samples were collected from broilers in each group to determine serum immune and antioxidant indices. At day 42, breast muscle samples were collected for meat quality analysis. [Results] Regarding growth performance, from 1-21 days, the average daily gain （ADG） in groups B, C, and D was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that in group A; from 22-42 days, the ADG in group D was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that in groups A, B, and C, and the feed-to-gain ratio （F:G） in group A was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that in groups C and D; from 1-42 days, the ADG in group D was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that in groups A, B, and C, and the F:G in group A was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that in groups B, C, and D. In terms of meat quality, the drip loss in groups A and B was significantly higher （P<0.05） than in groups C and D; the shear force in groups A, C, and D was significantly higher （P<0.05） than in group B; the water-holding capacity in group A was significantly higher （P<0.05） than in groups B, C, and D; the cooking yield in group B was significantly higher （P<0.05） than in groups A, C, and D. Regarding serum immune indices, from 1-21 days, serum immunoglobulin A （IgA） levels in groups C and D was significantly （P<0.05） higher than in groups A and B; serum immunoglobulin G （IgG） and immunoglobulin M （IgM） levels in group C was significantly （P<0.05） higher than in groups A, B, and D; from 22-42 days, serum IgA levels in groups C and D was significantly （P<0.05） higher than in groups A and B; serum IgG levels in group C was significantly （P<0.05） higher than in groups A, B, and D; serum IgG and IgA levels in group A was significantly （P<0.05） lower than in groups B and D; serum IgM levels in groups A, C, and D was significantly （P<0.05） higher than in group B. For serum antioxidant indices, from 1-21 days, serum glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）, glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） levels in groups C and D were significantly （P<0.05） higher than in groups A and B; serum GSH and T-AOC levels in group D were significantly （P<0.05） higher than in group C; from 22-42 days, serum GSH-Px levels in groups B, C, and D was significantly （P<0.05） higher than in group A; serum malondialdehyde （MDA） levels in groups B, C, and D was significantly （P<0.05） lower than in group A; serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） and GSH levels in group D were significantly （P<0.05） higher than in groups A, B, and C; serum T-AOC levels in groups B and C was significantly （P<0.05） higher than in group A. [Conclusion] The optimal dietary selenoglucose supplementation for broilers was determined to be 0.6 mg/kg. Under this condition, broilers exhibited the best comprehensive performance in terms of growth （ADG, F:G）, meat quality （drip loss）, immune function （IgA, IgG）, and antioxidant capacity （GSH-Px, GSH, SOD, T-AOC）.

Cottonseed, as a feed raw material with significant development potential, is rich in crude protein and can partially replace soybean meal in animal diets. However, anti-nutritional factors such as free gossypol present in cottonseed are toxic to animals, and issues including incomplete nutrient release and low nutrient utilization persist. Biological fermentation represents a safe detoxification technology that effectively degrades macromolecular nutrients, enhancing their digestibility and absorption by animals. To improve the utilization efficiency of feed raw materials and alleviate dependence on imported protein sources, the microbial fermentation of unconventional feed resources like cottonseed has become a critical strategy for the sustainable development of animal husbandry. This review summarizes the current research status on cottonseed as a feed, its nutritional components and anti-nutritional factors, the advantages of fermented cottonseed, fermentation techniques, and the progress in applying fermented cottonseed in animal production, aiming to provide a reference for the promotion and application of fermented cottonseed feed in animal production.

[Objective] To compare and evaluate the salt tolerance of a new Medicago ruthenica line （LX line） and two registered Medicago ruthenica varieties. [Methods] Seeds of three Medicago ruthenica varieties [LX line, Horqin Sandy Land Medicago ruthenica（B1）, and Tumd Medicago ruthenica （B2）] were subjected to simulated salt stress germination tests using NaCl solutions at concentrations of 30 mmol/L （T1）, 60 mmol/L （T2）, and 90 mmol/L （T3）, with an equal volume of distilled water treatment as the control. Germination rate, root length, shoot length, fresh weight, and dry weight were measured. Using paraffin sectioning, the anatomical structures of leaves and stems were observed to analyze differences between the new line and the other two. [Results] With increasing NaCl concentrations, the germination rate of the LX line initially increased and then decreased but remained higher than that of B1 and B2 varieties. Under T1, T2, and T3 conditions, root length and shoot length ranked as LX > B2 > B1. Under T1 and T2 conditions, the root-to-shoot ratio （root length/shoot length） of the LX line was higher than that of B1 and B2 varieties. No significant differences （P>0.05） were observed in fresh weight and dry weight between the LX line and B1 or B2 varieties. Regarding leaf anatomical characteristics, the LX line exhibited significantly （P<0.05） greater leaf thickness, vein thickness, mesophyll thickness, upper epidermal thickness, lower epidermal thickness, and palisade tissue thickness compared to those of B1 and B2 varieties, but lower spongy tissue porosity. For stem anatomical characteristics, the LX line showed significantly （P<0.05） smaller vessel diameter, stem pith diameter, xylem thickness, phloem thickness, area of xylem and phloem, and stem cross-sectional area compared to those of B1 and B2 varieties. [Conclusion] The LX line of Medicago ruthenica demonstrates salt-tolerant anatomical structures and salt tolerance, with its seeds capable of superior germination and development under salt stress conditions.

[Objective] To investigate the effects of ABT rooting powder concentration, soaking duration, and cultivation time on the rooting performance of hydroponic cuttings of Medicago sativa using hydroponic cutting techniques. [Methods] The experiment set three rooting powder concentrations （200, 500, 800 mg/L, labeled A1, A2, A3） and three soaking durations （10, 30, 60 s, labeled B1, B2, B3), forming nine treatment combinations through full factorial design （denoted as A1B1, A1B2, A1B3, A2B1, A2B2, A2B3, A3B1, A3B2, A3B3）, with tap water treatment as the control （CK）, totaling 10 treatment groups. Rooting rate, average number of adventitious roots, and longest root length were measured on days 10, 17, and 24, and a comprehensive rooting performance score was calculated using principal component analysis （PCA）-based scoring. [Results] The results showed that on day 10, the A2B1 treatment had the highest rooting rate （23.33%）, A2B2 had the highest average number of adventitious roots （4.72 roots per cutting）, A2B2 exhibited the longest root length （45.88 mm）, and A1B2 achieved the highest comprehensive rooting performance score （3.23）. On day 17, A2B1 had the highest rooting rate （71.11%）, A2B2 had the highest average number of adventitious roots （4.61 roots per cutting）, A2B1 showed the longest root length （164.04 mm）, and A2B1 had the highest comprehensive rooting performance score （2.47）. On day 24, A2B1 had the highest rooting rate （74.45%）, A2B2 had the highest average number of adventitious roots （5.56 roots per cutting）, A3B1 exhibited the longest root length （237.97 mm）, and A2B1 achieved the highest comprehensive rooting performance score （2.84）. [Conclusion] The rooting rate, root length, and average number of adventitious roots of M. sativa cuttings were closely related to rooting powder concentration, soaking duration, and cultivation time, showing significant differences in rooting performance among treatment combinations. The best comprehensive rooting performance at 10 days was observed with 200 mg/L ABT rooting powder soaked for 10 s, while at 17 and 24 days, the optimal combination was 500 mg/L ABT rooting powder soaked for 10 s.

The total area of salinized grasslands in Hulunbuir City is approximately 460 100 hectares, primarily distributed across New Barag West Banner, New Barag East Banner, Prairie Chenbarhu Banner, and Ewenki Autonomous Banner （collectively referred to as the four pastoral banners）, accounting for 4.6% of the city′s total grassland area. This salinization diminishes grassland productivity and reduces available land, posing significant constraints on ecological development and the advancement of grassland-based animal husbandry in Hulunbuir City, and furthermore, impacting the ecological security of northern China. In light of this, this review presents a comprehensive review of the grassland resources, climatic conditions, and the current state of salinization within these four pastoral banners and summarizes the underlying causes of grassland salinization and relevant management strategies, aiming to provide a reference for optimizing salinized grassland management strategies and enhancing these degraded grassland resources in Hulunbuir City.

As an essential component of modern science and technology, biotechnology has driven significant advancements in the field of breeding. This review discusses the significance of biotechnology in plant breeding, with a particular focus on its application in forage breeding: including advances in tissue culture, molecular markers, genetic engineering, genome-wide association analysis, and genomic selection in improving breeding efficiency, enriching germplasm resources, enhancing stress resistance, and promoting forage quality improvement. In addition, the review analyzes the various challenges currently faced in applying biotechnology to forage breeding, and, combining with the current status of the forage industry and the contemporary context, provides prospects for future research directions in forage breeding, with the aim of providing a reference for the application of biotechnology in this field.

[Objective] To achieve automatic recognition of lying postures in parturient dairy goats using the You Only Look Once version 5s （YOLOv5s） model and analyze thoracoabdominal movement characteristics using the Farneback optical flow algorithm, thereby providing technical support for precise management of dairy goat parturition. [Methods] The YOLOv5s model was employed to classify lying and standing postures of parturient dairy goats, with model performance evaluated by precision （P）, recall （R）, and mean average precision （mAP）. After video recognition, 20 Saanen dairy goats were divided into two groups based on parturition duration: Group A （parturition duration <30 min） and Group B （parturition duration ≥30 min）. The Farneback optical flow algorithm was used to extract thoracoabdominal movement parameters （velocity, amplitude, duration of single movement, and frequency）, and differences in movement patterns between the two groups were compared. [Results] ①The YOLOv5s model achieved P values of 98.4% and 98.3% for lying and standing posture recognition, respectively, with a false positive rate <2%, indicating minimal misjudgment risk; R values was 95.3% and 94.6%, with a missed detection rate <6%, demonstrating excellent detection coverage; mAP reached 96.3% and 95.2%, reflecting stable comprehensive performance and strong robustness. ②Optical flow analysis showed that the mean thoracoabdominal movement velocity in Group B was 5.358 px/s, significantly higher than that in Group A （2.461 px/s, P<0.05）; the mean movement amplitude in Group B was 6.104 px, extremely significantly higher than that in Group A （2.280 px, P<0.01）; the mean duration of single movements was 4.687 s in Group B and 4.272 s in Group A, with no significant difference （P=0.35）; Group B showed a significantly higher movement frequency （45.67 times） compared to Group A （12.92 times, P<0.01）, with reduced rhythmicity, indicating that parturition difficulty increases with prolonged parturition duration. [Conclusion] The synergistic application of the YOLOv5s model and Farneback optical flow algorithm enabled precise recognition of parturient dairy goat postures and accurate quantification of thoracoabdominal movements. This technology can be integrated into farm parturition early-warning systems to identify abnormal parturition behaviors in real time, reduce the risk of dystocia, and provide technical support for intelligent dairy goat management.

[Objective] To understand the production performance advantages of the F₁ generation crossbreds between Huang-huai Meat Sheep and Hu Sheep, providing a reference for the promotion of new Huang-huai Meat Sheep breed resources. [Methods] 90 purebred Hu ewes, ranging from 2 to 4 parities, were selected and synchronized for estrus. Subsequently, 35 randomly selected purebred Hu ewes were artificially inseminated with semen from Huang-huai Meat Sheep rams, resulting in 29 parturient purebred Hu ewes producing 61 Huang-Hu F₁ lambs （experimental group）. The remaining 55 Hu ewes were artificially inseminated with Hu rams, resulting in 53 parturient purebred Hu ewes producing 103 purebred Hu lambs （control group）. Growth traits, including birth weight, weaning weight, weaning survival rate, average daily gain （ADG） from 0-55, 55-90, 90-120, 120-150, and 0-150 days, as well as body height, body length, chest circumference, and cannon bone circumference at birth, 55, 90, 120, and 150 days, were measured and analyzed for both groups. [Results] Regarding birth weight, weaning weight, weaning survival rate, and ADG across different age periods （0-55, 55-90, 90-120, 120-150, and 0-150 days of age）, the single-birth weight of F₁ generation Huang-hu lambs in the experimental group was significantly （P<0.01） higher than that of Hu lambs in the control group; the multiple-birth weight （twins or more） of F₁ generation Huang-hu lambs in the experimental group was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that of Hu lambs in the control group; the weaning weight, weaning survival rate, and ADG across all measured age periods （0-55, 55-90, 90-120, 120-150, and 0-150 days of age） of F₁ generation Huang-hu lambs in the experimental group were significantly （P<0.01） higher than those of Hu lambs in the control group. For body measurements, at birth and weaning, the body height, body length, and chest circumference of F₁ generation Huang-hu lambs in the experimental group were significantly （P<0.01） higher than those of Hu lambs in the control group; the cannon bone circumference of female lambs at birth in the experimental group was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that of female Hu lambs in the control group; at 90, 120, and 150 days, the chest circumference of F₁ generation Huang-hu lambs in the experimental group was significantly （P<0.01） higher than that of Hu lambs in the control group; the cannon bone circumference of female lambs at 120 days in the experimental group was significantly higher （P<0.01） than that of female Hu lambs in the control group; the cannon bone circumference of male lambs at 150 days in the experimental group was significantly higher （P<0.01） than that of male Hu lambs in the control group; the cannon bone circumference of female lambs at 150 days in the experimental group was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that of female Hu lambs in the control group. [Conclusion] Using Huang-huai meat sheep as the sire and Hu sheep as the dam for crossbreeding, the F₁ generation lambs show obvious heterosis in birth weight, weaning weight, weaning survival rate, and chest circumference, and prominent meat production traits, and are therefore suitable for promotion and application in large-scale sheep farms.

[Objective] This study focuses on the functional effectiveness of China′s live hog futures market, and evaluate its price discovery efficiency and risk aversion efficacy, to provide a basis for government optimization of hog production capacity regulation and enterprise participation in market-based hedging, thereby maintaining producers′ production incentives and safeguarding consumer welfare. [Methods] Cointegration tests and vector error correction models were employed to reveal the long-term equilibrium relationship and short-term adjustment mechanisms between futures and spot prices. The information share model and permanent-transitory model were used to quantify the contributions of futures and spot markets to price discovery. An ordinary least squares （OLS） regression model and error correction model （ECM） were constructed to estimate the optimal hedging ratio and risk hedging efficiency. [Results] The findings indicate that China′s live hog futures market plays a leading role in price discovery, with a significant long-term equilibrium relationship between futures and spot prices, where short-term price deviations converge toward long-term equilibrium through the error correction mechanism. China′s live hog futures market demonstrates a certain degree of effectiveness in hedging, while also showing potential for further development as a tool for market-based management of hog price risk. [Conclusion] The study results suggest that the government can optimize threshold settings for reserve meat regulation using futures price signals, and the price discovery function of the futures market can provide forward-looking market signals for production capacity early warning mechanisms. Leading hog breeding enterprises can utilize dynamic hedging strategies to stabilize business expectations. These findings provide an empirical basis for improving China's agricultural futures market system and promoting innovation in agricultural risk management tools.

Plant polysaccharides are high-molecular-weight polymers composed of multiple monosaccharide units linked via glycosidic bonds. They are widely distributed in plant roots, stems, leaves, and fruits, and possess a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. Owing to their structural diversity and high stability, plant polysaccharides exhibit great potential for application in the fields of medicine, food, cosmetics, and animal feed. This review systematically summarizes the molecular characteristics, extraction methods, and bioactivities of plant polysaccharides, as well as their advancements in applications across the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and feed sectors. The aim is to promote the in-depth application of plant polysaccharides in diverse fields, enhance the efficient use of plant resources, and support the sustainable development of related industries.

Huanglian jiedu Decoction, first recorded in Wai Tai Mi Yao, is a representative formula for clearing heat and detoxifying, known for its efficacy in purging excessive heat from San Jiao （Triple Burner）. Type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）, a chronic metabolic disease, is primarily characterized by insulin resistance （IR） and poses a serious threat to human health. Focusing on the core role of Huanglian jiedu Decoction in improving IR, this review systematically summarizes the research progress in its application for T2DM treatment：①Current studies on the mechanisms by which Huanglian jiedu Decoction ameliorates IR through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and effects of mitochondrial function protection; ②Current studies on the mechanisms by which Huanglian jiedu Decoction treats T2DM, including research on its active components and their binding targets; ③Clinical applications of Huanglian jiedu Decoction in the treatment of T2DM. Existing research indicates that Huanglian jiedu Decoction has shown promising therapeutic effects in treating T2DM. However, due to the complexity of its components, the synergistic mechanisms of its components and the quantitative studies of adverse reactions require further investigation. By integrating recent literature, this review aims to provide a reference for in-depth research and rational clinical application of Huanglian jiedu Decoction in the treatment of T2DM.

[Objective] To amplify the leukotoxin A （LktA） genes from the A1 and A2 serotypes of ovine-derived Mannheimia haemolytica, and construct eukaryotic expression vectors for the LktA proteins of these two serotypes. [Methods] Genomic DNA extracted from A1 and A2 serotype strains was used as the templates for PCR amplification of the LktA gene with specifically designed primers. The amplified LktA genes from both serotypes were cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector Morange2-C1 to construct recombinant eukaryotic expression vectors for the LktA proteins of A1 and A2 serotypes. Recombinant plasmids were verified by double digestion with restriction enzymes EcoRⅠand KpnⅠ and sequencing. The correctly constructed vectors were transfected into 293T cells using a liposome-mediated transfection method. After 48 hours of transfection, total cellular proteins were extracted and identified by Western blotting using an anti-mOrange monoclonal antibody as the primary antibody and goat anti-mouse IgG as the secondary antibody. Additionally, subcellular localization of the target protein was observed using laser confocal microscopy. [Results] The LktA genes of the two strains were successfully amplified by PCR using genomic DNA of A1 and A2 serotype M. haemolytica as templates, with PCR products showing clears band of approximately 2 862 bp on agarose gel electrophoresis, consistent with the expected fragment size. Double digestion of the recombinant eukaryotic expression vectors with EcoRⅠand KpnⅠ produced two distinct bands, with the fragment sizes in agreement with the expected sizes of the target insert and linearized vector. Sequencing of the recombinant plasmid after double-enzyme digestion revealed 100% identity between the obtained sequences and the designed reference sequence, confirming the successful construction of the recombinant expression vector. Cell transfection and Western blotting results showed that the eukaryotic expression vectors Morange2-C1-LktA1 （A1 serotype） and Morange2-C1-LktA2 （A2 serotype） successfully expressed LktA proteins in 293T cells, with specific target bands observed at approximately 130 kDa. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that both LktA proteins were localized to the cell membrane. [Conclusion] Eukaryotic expression vectors for LktA proteins from A1 and A2 serotypes of the ovine-derived M. haemolytica were successfully constructed, and their subcellular localization was determined. These findings provide a valuable basis for further investigation into the molecular mechanisms of LktA interaction with host cell receptors.

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the incidence patterns of major diseases in a large-scale dairy farm located in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, during 2023, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of targeted prevention and control strategies. [Methods] Diagnostic and treatment records of 3 747 Chinese Holstein dairy cows, covering mammary diseases, hoof and limb diseases, reproductive diseases, digestive diseases, and metabolic diseases, were extracted from January to December 2023 using the Afimilk farm management system. Combining on-site field surveys and interviews, descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to assess the proportion of each disease category, monthly incidence trends, and distributions of specific disease types. [Results] A total of 2 895 disease cases were recorded in 2023. Digestive diseases were the most prevalent, accounting for 40.45% of total cases, followed by mammary diseases （23.63%）, hoof and limb diseases （19.03%）, and reproductive diseases （15.72%）. Metabolic diseases had the lowest incidence （1.17%）. The peak disease period occurred between May and June, with digestive diseases reaching a monthly maximum of 220 cases. Among mammary diseases, clinical mastitis accounted for 52.63%, and subclinical mastitis for 26.75%. In digestive diseases, forestomach atony represented 38.00%, followed by enteritis （29.04%） and diarrhea （22.89%）. Among hoof and limb diseases, 72.96% were hoof-related conditions, with a notable increase during the spring. Reproductive diseases were mainly due to abortion （29.01%） and retained placenta （25.05%）. Within metabolic diseases, acidosis （47.06%） and ketosis （35.29%） were predominant. [Conclusion] Digestive and mammary diseases were the primary health challenges in the dairy farm, with digestive diseases exhibiting distinct seasonal incidence patterns. It is recommended that the farm establish a comprehensive prevention and control system centered on environmental improvements and nutritional management, with a focus on enhancing bedding management, hoof care and reproductive monitoring, and leveraging digital management systems for early disease warning.

[Objective] To conduct etiological detection of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in selected horse farms in central and western Inner Mongolia, and accurately assess the prevalence of equine babesiosis and theileriosis. [Methods] Blood samples were collected from horses using random sampling method at a horse farm in Hohhot City and another in Alxa League, Inner Mongolia. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to detect antibodies against B. caballi and T. equi, with optical density （OD） values serving as the primary detection metric. Descriptive statistics （including positive rate calculations） and chi-square tests were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software to analyze differences in pathogen infection rates between the horse farms. [Results] The positive rate for B. caballi was 50.00% at the Hohhot City farm and 0% at the Alxa League farm. The positive rate for T. equi was 77.78% at the Hohhot City farm and 0% at the Alxa League farm. The co-infection rate of B. caballi and T. equi was 44.44% at the Hohhot City farm and 0% at the Alxa League farm. Infections with B. caballi and T. equi were not associated with the sex of the horses. [Conclusion] The results indicate severe infections of B. caballi and T. equi at the Hohhot City farm, while no infections were detected at the Alxa League farm. These findings provide valuable data for understanding the epidemiological characteristics of related diseases in horse farms in central and western Inner Mongolia and provide a basis for developing targeted prevention and control strategies.