Abstract: Optimizing the production structure is an important part in the development of animal husbandry. Results of investigation and analysis on several animal husbandry enterprises in China showed that in the restriction factors of animal husbandry production structure, three main factors like natural resources factor, social development factor and scientific and technological progress factor could be extracted through the factor analysis. Thereby, corresponding measures for adjusting and optimizing the structure of animal husbandry production in China should be taken around these three aspects.