Abstract: In forest region of Manhanshan Mountain, Cricetulus longicaudatus and Apodemus speciosus were the dominant species of rodents in newly planted forest land, accounting for 53.85% and 38.46% of total number of the captured rats, respectively;Apodemus speciosus were the dominant species in secondary forestland, accounting for 95.24% of total number of the captured rats. The rodent pest controlling experiment in forest region of Manhanshan Mountain was conducted by using Clostridium botulinum C type toxin and fresh poisoned peanuts（packing in PVC pipe） as poisonous bait. The results showed that the density of rats in prevention area was found to be significantly lower than that in contrast area（F=6.46,P〈0.05）. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the intake rate of poisonous bait was significantly positively correlated with deratization effect（P〈0.05）.Clostridium botulinum C type toxin has good palatability and control effect against rodents and has potential to be promoted in the deratization work in forest region.