This study was aimed to assess the effect of forsythiaside A on inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6（IL-6） level in lipopolysaccharide-treated spleen lymphocyte of chickens. Chicks were reared from the age of 1 to 50 days at normal management condition; at the age of 50 days, chickens were sacrificed and the heart blood samples were collected; the skin of the sacrificed chickens was disinfected and the spleen samples were collected; the spleen lymphocytes were subsequently isolated by lymphocyte separating medium; four treatment groups were set in this study, including the control group, LPS treatment group（5μg/m L）, low dosage forsythiaside A prevention group（5 μg/m L LPS＋200 μg/m L forsythiaside A）, and high dosage forsythiaside A prevention group（5 μg/m L LPS ＋400 μg/m L forsythiaside A）; the protein and m RNA expression level of IL-6 in spleen lymphocytes of different treatment groups were determined by ELISA and q RT-PCR assay respectively during a 48-hour time period at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. The ELISA assay results revealed that the level of IL-6 protein was found increased in the LPS group compared to the control group; both the low dosage and high dosage forsythiaside A prevention groups showed lower IL-6protein level compared to the LPS group, indicating that the change of the IL-6 protein level in chicken spleen was positively correlated with the dosage of forsythiaside A and forsythiaside A alleviated the inflammation in chicken spleen lymphocytes induced by LPS via inhibiting the increase of IL-6 protein level. The q RT-PCR results showed that LPS group had higher IL-6m RNA expression level compared to the control group; the level of IL-6 m RNA expression was lower in both the low dosage and high dosage forsythiaside A prevention groups compared to the LPS group, and the change of the IL-6m RNA expression level was negatively correlated with the dosage of forsythiaside A, which further demonstrated that forsythiaside A relieved the inflammation in chicken spleen lymphocytes induced by LPS through suppressing the increase of IL-6 m RNA expression in transcriptional level.The combined data suggest that forsythiaside A exerts anti-inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-treated spleen lymphocyte of chickens by inhibit the expression of IL-6 at transcriptional and translational level.

[Objective]The detection effect of equine Toxoplasma gondii infection with serum samples prepared by three different protocols, including 4 ℃ storage overnight, 37 ℃ incubation in water bath, and stationary incubation at room temperature, was assessed in this study. [Methods]The horse blood samples after natural coagulation were placed at 4 ℃, room temperature, and37 ℃ respectively, and the obtained serum samples were subjected to Toxoplasma gondii antibody detection by IHA method; the antibody positive serum samples were selected and placed at 4 ℃ and room temperature respectively, and the antibody titer were determined daily for fifteen consecutive days. [Results]No differences in volume, color and brightness of the serum samples prepared with the above three protocols were observed; the same results were obtained in Toxoplasma gondii antibody detection for the serum samples prepared by different protocols; during the fifteen days observation duration, the brightness and antibody titer of the antibody positive serum samples placed at both 4 ℃ and room temperature had no obvious change. [Conclusion]The serum samples prepared by 4 ℃ storage overnight, 37 ℃ incubation in water bath and stationary incubation at room temperature are all qualified to be used in detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection; serum samples storage at 4 ℃ and room temperature for fifteen days are still able to be used for Toxoplasma gondii antibody detection.

A total of fifty quarter milk samples were collected from dairy cows with mastitis in selected regions of Inner Mongolia（Hohhot and Baotou City）. Standard microbiological methods were used to isolate Staphylococcus aureus（S. aureus） strains and the suspicious isolates were subsequently phenotypically and molecularly identified. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates were assessed. Eight S. aureus isolates were obtained from the collected samples and the isolating rate was 16.0%; the antimicrobial susceptibility test results revealed that 12.5% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 37.5% of the isolates showed resistance to erythromycin and ampicillin, 75.0% of the isolates exhibited resistance to ofloxacin, and 100% of the isolates were resistant to aztreonam and penicillin. No resistance was detected for rifampicin, compound sulfamethoxazole,chloramphenicol, vancomycin, cefoxitin, gentamicin, tetracycline, clindamycin, oxacillin, tobramycin, linezolid, meropenem, and amoxicillin/clavulanate.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of Mesona chinensis Benth.-containing serum in combination with antimicrobial agents on fos A3 gene-carrying and CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli（E. coli）. Twofold broth micro-dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration（MIC） of the selected antimicrobial agents and Mesona chinensis Benth.-containing serum against the E. coli strain separately; furthermore, the Mesona chinensis Benth.-containing serum of subinhibitory concentration（1/2 MIC） and antimicrobial agents were co-incubated with the E. coli strain to observe the co-inhibitory effect. The results showed that the combined application of Mesona chinensis Benth.-containing serum and antimicrobial agents had antibacterial activity against the fos A3 gene-carrying and CTX-M-producing E.coli strain, and the inhibitory effects of the selected antibacterial agents including aminoglycosides, alkaloids, polyphosphates,leflunomycin and sulfonamides against the drug resistant E. coli were strengthened by Mesona chinensis Benth..

The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible effect of forced-molting by starving on productive performance of small-sized and blue-shell egg population of Luohe Chickens, and to assess the possible influence of dietary supplementation of mineral meal in the initial period of starvation on culling and mortality of the forced-molting chickens population. A total of12 299 small-sized and blue-shell egg breeding Luohe Chickens were selected; one day before the beginning of the formal experiment, 100 of them were marked and used to determine the weight variation during the starvation period; the whole chickens population received no feeding and water on the 1^st and 2^nd day of the experiment; during the 3^rd to 7^th day, water was started to provide but no feeding was supplied, and the basil diet was supplemented with mineral meal on the first four days of the experiment; from the 8^th day of starvation period, the marked chickens were weighted and when the weight loss rate of up to 70% of the marked individuals reached to 25%, the feeding was resumed; the culling and mortality of the chickens population during starvation period and 15 days within feeding resuming period were determined and statistically assessed, and that of the mineral meal supplementation and non-supplementation chickens population were also statistically evaluated; the first laying time at the feeding resuming period was recorded, and the laying rate and broken egg rate during starvation period and 6 weeks within feeding resuming period were calculated. The results showed that the weight of the chickens population decreased by 24.1% after a 20-day-long starving treatment, meeting the requirement of feeding resuming; at the late stage of starvation period, the weight loss rate of the individuals with lower starting-weight was found significantly increased compared to that of the individuals with higher starting-weight（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）; a significantly higher culling and mortality was observed from 5~（th） to 8~（th） day during starvation period（P 0.05） and from 0 to 3^rd day during feeding resuming period（P 0.05 or P〈0.01）; the culling and mortality of thechickens population during starvation period and 15 days within feeding resuming period was both lower than 1.1%; the mineral meal supplementation chickens population had significantly lower culling and mortality than the non-supplementation population at the two above-mentioned period（P〈0.01）; during starvation period, the reduction of laying rate and broken egg rate in the mineral mealsupplementation population was obviously lower than that in the non-supplementation population; eggs were started to appear on the 10^th day of feeding resuming period, the laying rate exceeded 50% at the 6^th week, and the broken egg rate was declined with the increase of laying rate. The combined data suggest that the forced-molting technique by starving has a good application effect on the small-sized and blue-shell egg population of Luohe Chickens; furthermore, the dietary supplementation of mineral meal in the initial period of starvation reduces the culling and mortality of the chickens population during starvation period and 15 days within feeding resuming period, and improves the laying rate and decreases the broken egg rate during starvation period.

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of different extraction conditions on production of lemongrass essential oil, and to determine the optimal ratio of solid to liquid and mass concentration of Na Cl. Steam distillation method was used to extract essential oil from lemongrass produced in Hainan Province; there were four levels for both ratio of solid to liquid（1∶5, 1∶10, 1∶15, 1∶20） and mass concentration of Na Cl（3 g/L, 6 g/L, 9 g/L, 12 g/L） and there were three replicates for each level;the optimal ratio of solid to liquid was initially determined by single factor experimental design using yield of lemongrass essential oil as assessment index, and subsequently the optimal mass concentration of Na Cl was screened. The results showed that the optimal extraction process of essential oil from lemongrass produced in Hainan Province by steam distillation was as follows： the extraction duration was three hours, the ratio of solid to liquid was 1∶10, and the mass concentration of Na Cl was 9 g/L. Under this condition, the maximum yield of oil（0.68%） was obtained.

This experiment was conducted to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of peony seed cake with different proportions on growth, digestion and slaughter performance of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 40 crossbred（Duroc×Yorkshire×Landrace） pigs with approximately 50 kg of body weight were randomly assigned to four groups： experiment Ⅰ group served as control and fed basil diet, experiment Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ groups received 2%, 5%, 8% of peony seed cake supplementation in basil diet;different groups had the same nutrition level of the diet, and the pre-experiment and formal experiment lasted for 10 days and 35 days, respectively; at the end of the experiment, the indexes associated with growth, digestion and slaughter performance of the growing-finishing pigs in different groups were determined and statistically assessed. The results demonstrated that the average daily gain of experiment Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups reached up to 972.00 g and 974.29 g respectively and was significantly higher than that of control group（P〉0.05）; the lowest feed/gain ratio was observed in experiment Ⅲ group followed by experiment Ⅳ group, but no group differences were found（P〉0.05）; the experiment Ⅲ group had the highest digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and crude fat, and the experiment Ⅰ group had the highest digestibility of crude fiber, but no group differences in the digestibility of nutrients were observed（P〈0.05）; there were no significant differences in pre-slaughter live weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage and eye muscle area between different groups（P〈0.05）. Taken together, we concluded that the dietary supplementation of peony seed cake has no affection on growth, digestion and slaughter performance of growing-finishing pigs;furthermore, an improving tendency of the associated indexed is observed, and the 5% supplementation proportion of peony seed cake is recommended by this study.

Donkey milk is the most nutritionally equivalent to human breast milk and is the best substitute for human breast milk.The selenium content, vitamin content and whey protein content in donkey milk is 8 times, 5 times and 1.5 times higher than that of bovine milk, respectively. Donkey milk has good performance on anti-oxidation and anti-aging and is able to improve human immunity. Due to its unique nutritional components, donkey milk has been widely favored by people and is concerned as the rare healthy food resource. Female donkey has relatively lower milk production, in confined condition, the average daily milk yield of female donkey was 2.3 kg, and the daily lactation volume of the donkey foal was 1.2-1.5 kg, accounting for 2/3 of the daily milk yield of female donkey. In order to improve the relative milk production of female donkey, the development and research of donkey milk replacer products is an indispensable part of donkey milk industrial chain and is helpful for providing more healthy dairy products for human beings. Therefore, this review summarizes the research status of milk replacer for donkey from four aspects,including the nutritional value of donkey milk, the significance of feeding milk replacer for donkey foal, the physiological characteristics of donkey digestion, and the developmental foundation and direction of donkey milk replacer, in hoping to enriching the references for development and research of milk replacer for donkey foal.

[Objective]In order to improve the forage sorghum yield level in autumn idle land, the linear regression prediction model of sowing times and biological yields of forage sorghum was statistically constructed. The correlation between sowing times and biological yields of forage sorghum was simulated and compared by conducting field plot experiment and employing linear regression analysis method. [Results]The sowing times had great influence on the biological yields of forage sorghum, and the biological yields were decreased with the delay of sowing times. The regression model between sowing times and biological yields was constructed： the regression model of fresh yields and sowing times is yfresh=196.646-4.625 x, and that of hay yields and sowing times is yhay=58.253-1.423 x. Between July 23rd and August 30^th, the fresh yields and hay yields of forage sorghum were averagely reduced by 4.625 kg/20 m^2 and 1.423 kg/20 m^2 respectively when the sowing times were delayed by every one day. [Conclusion]The regression model constructed in this study provides scientific basis for improving the production level of forage sorghum in autumn idle land.

This study aimed to assess the ecological value of CO2 fixating and O2 releasing by ecosystem of natural grassland in the surrounding area of Qinghai Lake. Taking the natural grassland in Gonghe County of Qinghai Province as an example, the ecological value of CO2 fixating and O2 releasing were calculated. The results showed that the net growth production of dry matter of the grassland in study area was 1 196 147.15 t per year; the total CO2 fixating and O2 releasing were 1 949 719.86 t per year and1 435 376.59 t per year, respectively, and the ecological value of them was 9.018 722×108Yuan per year and 5.403 691×10^8Yuan per year, respectively. It is suggested that great importance should be attached to the protection of natural grassland ecosystem when the animal husbandry economy are developing.

Mycotoxins are a group of chemical substances which are the main risk factor affecting the quality and safety of raw milk and exhibit toxic effects on human and animals. They are mainly produced by the hyphae of filamentous fungi. The hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of mycotoxins on human and animals always arouse wide concern. In this paper, we review the sources, types, metabolism, transformation, residue limit, toxic effects, and control measures of mycotoxins in raw milk, in hoping to provide references for their associated studies.

Sodium thiocyanate is one of the prohibited additives in raw milk. The excess intake of sodium thiocyanate is harmful for human health and always results in acute toxicity and systemic disease characterized by dysfunction of digestive system and nervous system as well as skin damage. Low intake of sodium thiocyanate is able to interfere with the absorption and utilization of iodine and may subsequently cause thyroid diseases. The content, source, toxic effects and its underling mechanism of sodium thiocyanate in raw milk are reviewed, in hoping to provide references for the effective control of sodium thiocyanate content in raw milk.

Saponins are glycosides with anti-inflammation and other pharmacological effects. They are found in many plants, such as ginseng. This paper provides an overview of the inhibitory effect of plant-derived saponins on animal inflammation and its underlining mechanism, and the feasibility of their application in production of livestock and poultry is also discussed, in hoping to provide references for their further development and utilization.

It is proved by plenty of studies that probiotics are able to improve the production performance, regulate the intestinal flora and metabolism activities, and enhance the immunity of poultry and livestock. In this paper, we review the classification and application of probiotics in poultry, in hoping to provide references for the scientific and rational use of probiotics in poultry and livestock production.

The process of a snowstorm from April 1stto 2nd2016 in Hulun Buir City of Inner Mongolia was analyzed by using conventional observational data, Micaps data and precipitation data. The results showed that the establishment of Ural Mountains′high-pressure ridge and Okhotsk blocking high rendered the favorable circulation background condition for the transformation of Lake Baikal cold vortex from low trough; the cold vortex and frontal cyclone were identified as the main effect systems of the snowstorm process in Hulun Buir City; low-level jet provided abundant water vapor conditions for the snowstorm; the left side of upper-level jet exit regions and the left side of low-level jet output regions were observed to overlap and couple with each other,which formed a strong dynamic upward-effect, and accordingly the snowstorm was triggered.

In forest region of Manhanshan Mountain, Cricetulus longicaudatus and Apodemus speciosus were the dominant species of rodents in newly planted forest land, accounting for 53.85% and 38.46% of total number of the captured rats, respectively;Apodemus speciosus were the dominant species in secondary forestland, accounting for 95.24% of total number of the captured rats. The rodent pest controlling experiment in forest region of Manhanshan Mountain was conducted by using Clostridium botulinum C type toxin and fresh poisoned peanuts（packing in PVC pipe） as poisonous bait. The results showed that the density of rats in prevention area was found to be significantly lower than that in contrast area（F=6.46,P〈0.05）. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the intake rate of poisonous bait was significantly positively correlated with deratization effect（P〈0.05）.Clostridium botulinum C type toxin has good palatability and control effect against rodents and has potential to be promoted in the deratization work in forest region.

In recent years, urban stray dogs have become increasingly prominent. The group of urban stray dogs is large which affects the urban view construction and public health security. The reasons associated with the emergence of this problem involve that the management subject is single, the cooperation in management of urban stray dogs between the government and other organizations is not enough, the contact between the associated management agents is deficient, and the public sense of responsibility is weak. Based on the analysis of the current situation and causes of urban stray dogs problem in LA city, we propose some suggestions such as promoting propagation and education, perfecting legislative mechanism, strengthening departmental linkage and introducing multi-agent cooperation to solve the problem of management funds, adoption and post-processing of stray dogs.

Lacking of silage has become one of the key factors that restrict the development of animal husbandry industry in hilly area of the southwest region of Hubei Province. The deficiency in integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy during the primary operation links of silage cultivation, harvest and processing largely affects the silage production. Based on the above situation, in this paper, an agricultural machinery model for silage harvest and processing suitable for hilly area was put forward by analyzing the basis, machines and benefits of the current silage preparation models, in hoping to provide solutions for achieving the mechanization of silage processing in the southwest region of Hubei Province.

Ideological and political education is an enormous system project in the cultivation mode of the top-notch innovative talents. In the present study, we objectively analyzed the current status of ideological and political education and the existing problems in the process of ideological and political education innovation through grasping the growing characteristics and rules of outstanding innovative talents; furthermore, combined with the internal requirement of ideological and political education innovation in colleges and universities, we focused on the pathway to establish an innovative ideological and political education mode which was consistent with the training mode of top-notch innovative talents.

Network teaching resources have important significance to improve teaching quality because they can expand and supplement the existing teaching content. To provide a reference for the teaching reform of Animal Physiology, the available network resources in Animal Physiology teaching as well as the effect and attention of network resources application in the process of teaching and learning were introduced in this article.

Animal Breeding is one of the most important basic courses in the major of animal science in agricultural universities and colleges. In order to meet the requirement for the training of applied undergraduate talents, we construct and practice the course system of Animal Breeding by optimizing the teaching syllabus, enriching the teaching contents and methods, strengthening the practical teaching, and establishing the reasonable examination way.

Under the background that the national Licensed Veterinarians Management Rule and pet doctor qualifications approval test are promulgated and implemented, in order to adapt to the national education reform, industry development, and licensed development requirement for talents of veterinary medicine major, it is necessary to carry out the reform on talent cultivation model of the small animal medicine major. In Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, a series of reforms on teaching contents and methods in small animal medicine major are performed. It is demonstrated that the teaching quality as well as the comprehensive quality and practical ability in clinic of the undergraduates in small animal medicine major are improved.

Pet Care and Cosmetolog is an important technical course for pet maintenance and training majors and their professional groups in higher vocational colleges. The post teaching is established based on the post teaching model of comprehensive practical training of biology technology department in Chizhou Vocational and Technical College. The course design as well as teaching organization and implementation of Pet Care and Cosmetolog are discussed in this paper. By simulation of practical training in different post, the undergraduates′ professional objective is further defined and the cultivation of their adaptive capacity to post is enhanced.

Under the background of transformational development of local universities, we discuss the talents training target and orientation, curriculum system construction, practical teaching links, teaching staff establishment of biotechnology major, in hoping to improve the practical ability of undergraduates majoring in biotechnology and to cultivate the high-level application-oriented talents for regional economic development.

The deficiency in undergraduates′ practical ability and job adaptive ability is the commonly observed problem in higher education. To enhance the practical education in universities and colleges, especially the inside-school practice course and outside-school practice education, is an effective way to resolute the contradiction between higher education and enterprise demand. Micro-class refers to the structurized digital resource which displays the fragmented learning content, process and expanded material by using information technology in accordance with the cognitive law. Micro-class is characterized by its concise and contextualized content and is especially suitable for outside-school practice course. In this paper, taking the practice course of Pharmaceutical Preparation as an example, we investigate the ways to construct micro-class in practical education of universities and colleges and the roles of micro-class playing in training of applied talents.

Swine pseudorabies is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by pseudorabies virus which is infective for pigs of different ages. Pseudorabies is one of the most serious diseases that affect the healthy development of swine industry and always bring huge economic losses. In recent years, this disease is widely studied by scientific researchers at home and abroad. In this paper, we review the research progress on swine pseudorabies from the aspect of etiology and control strategy, in hoping to provide references for the effective control of this disease.