The total RNA from heart tissue of Yunan pig was extracted by isothiocyanate method in the trial.Firstly,full-length cDNAs were synthesized by SMART technique,then a pool of double-stranded cDNA was amplified by LD-PCR technology.The achived cDNA fragments was ligated into pMD18-T vector and transformed into E.coli DH5α to construct the full-length cDNA library.The library was tittered,and the rate of recombination（blue/white） was also determined.The results showed that the primary titer of the constructed cDNA library was 1.8×105 cuf/mL,the recombination rate was about 94.4% .13 transformed germs were selceted and cultured,then their plamids were extracted and identified by restriction enzyme of Hind Ⅲ and EcoRⅠ,the gel electrophoresis showed the length of most cDNA inserted in the library was about 0.3-2.0 kb.

The levels of factors of influencing living quality of urban and rural residents were analyzed.The results showed that the influence of these factors declined in the order of economic factors,social factors,population,education and employment.

In the trial,CTMAB method was used to modify bentonite and prepare organic bentonite,and the effect of modification was verified by wastewater organobentonite adsorption of TNT.The effect of CTMAB,oscillation frequency,time,pH and temperature on quality control of wastewater organobentonite was analsed,and orthogonal experiment was apply to determine the best preparation organobentonite conditions.Further,the use of single factor experiments was use to determine the impact of various factors on the outcome,the result was the sam as the orthogonal.The experimental results showed that the order of effecting organobentonite preparation was CTMAB concentration 〉pH value 〉oscillation frequency 〉temperature;The optimum conditions was CTMAB concentration of 2%,temperature of 60 ℃,oscillation frequency of 120 r/min,pH of 7,and the removal rate of TNT was the ideal reaching 96.02 %.

The trace elements in horn of yaks in Qinghai Plateau were determined.And principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Co,Se and other trace elements in yak′s horn.The study provides a scientific basis for utilization of horn resources of yaks in Qinghai Plateau.

Tibetan mastiff is an excellent dog breed selected and cultivated strictly by Tibetan herders in the unique natural environment of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Tibetan mastiff is one of national second-class protected animals.Through analyzing the current situation of Tibetan mastiff germplasm resources,how to protect and utilize the Tibetan mastiff germplasm resources were proposed.

There are a large number of splicing genes in higher eukaryotic genome,but these mRNA is of non-splicing structure.RNA splicing means removing introns in the transformation process.RNA splicing,especially variable RNA splicing,is an important part of regulation of eukaryotic gene expression.The paper describes the characteristics,function and regulation of RNA splicing,alternative splicing genes,and identification of splicing forms.Some samples were taken to introduce the application of alternative RNA splicing.

Growth and development of oocytes were interfered and repressed by many factors in vitro,including different species,different factors,different laboratory conditions.With the improvement and consummating of maturation technology of oocytes in vitro,it has the signficant importance in improving quantity and quality of resources oocytes maturation of bovine in vitro and using elite resources.In the article,the mechanism of maturation of oocytes in vitro,and its acquisition,hormones,maturation time and human action and other factors on bovine oocytes maturation were reviewed.

The paper reviews germplasm characteristics,embryonic development and ecological factors during the formation of lamb skin of Tan sheep,follicle development and related genes.The lamb skin is a special trait that is expressed in the special period of growth and development （from birth to 30 days old）.And it has been determined in embryonic development period.Its formation may be related to expression and regulation of hair follicle and hair fiber development-related genes.

Caragana korshinskii is not only the main tree species of shrub for preventing from wind and soil and water conservation,but also its stem and strip is the important resource of germ plasm.In the paper,Caragana korshinskii biomass converted to artificial board,paper,bioenergy,biochemical materials,food,medicine and feed were introduced,and the reference for feeding conversion technology also was analsed.Based on the shortage of high protein forage in Inner Mongolia,the conversion technology for feeding was emphasize,including its nutrient comosition,harvesting,processing,feeding efficiency,and it also analsed the advantage and the factors of restricting development of Caragana korshinskii feed industry in Inner Mongolia and gave countermeasures for solutions.

In the study,the three different type of spraying machine were applied to prevent and control grassland insect pest at a large scale,the flow of medicinal solution in the process of test （constant quantity,low quantity,ultralow quantity）,spraying extent,homework efficiency,mechanical durability,difficulty of operation and the effect of preventing and curing were all determined.It will provide the suitable apparatus for preventing and control insect pest and poisonous weeds by mechanizing in the large area in the future.

In the trial,Brachiaria decumbens Stapf No.3,Brachiaria brizantha Stapf No.6,S.guianensis cv.Reyan No.7 and S.guianensis cv.Reyan No.2 were selceted for studied material.The methods with drying by baking（180 ℃,10 min）,dried in the sun（5d）,baked in fire after dried in the sun for one day（180 ℃,10 min） and dry in the shade（15d） were applied respcetively.The best sample of all kinds of herbage were selceted to study the nutritions content in these tropical grasses.The experiment results showed that dried grasses content was high crude protein and water solution carbohydrate （WSC） according to drying methods.Dried by baking is the best method amongthem,then but dry in the shade and baked in fire after dried in the sun for one day,dried in the sun was the worest.

Corn flour,wheat flour,soybeans and other feed materials has been applied in commercial and self-prepared dog feed.Their proportion is high and can provide energy and various nutrients for dogs.However,the non-starch polysaccharides （NSP） in cell wall can not be digested by stomach of monogastric animals.They hinder the digestive enzymes from entering into the cells and thus decrease feed digestibility.In addition,they increase the viscosity of gastrointestinal contents and reduce the dog′s immunity.Thereby,NSP are generally considered anti-nutritional factors.In the production of commercial and self-prepared dog feed,NPS preparations are supplemented into dog feed,which can help dog digest NPS,destruct cell wall of plant,increase feed digestibility and enhance immunity of dogs.As the dog feed must be extruded or cooked in the production process,high-temperature NPS should be supplemented.Attention should be paid to addition time and amount,and enzyme activity should be ensured.

The effect of additive of pineapple leaf residue in basal diet on growth of fattening pig was discussed in the article.135 fattened pigs with the same day old and close weight were selected and randomly divided into control group,test group Ⅰ and test group Ⅱ,there were 45 pigs in each group,the supplemented pineapple leaf residue was 0 kg/d,7.28 kg/d and 14.78 kg/d respectively,it lasted for 36 days.The results showed that it had no any bad effect on growth,but there was a remarkable effect on saving concentrate （P〈0.05）;The weight gain of fattening pig in test groups was lower than that of the control,but there was no significant difference between the test group Ⅰ and the control （P 〉0.05）.Based on the above calculation,it had the better effect on adding pineapple leaf residue with 7.28 kg/d.

In the trial,ninty three-way cross [Duroc×（Landrace×Yorkshire）] pigs with body weighing of 31 kg were assigned into three treatments based on the feature of weight and sex,and they were fed with the different levels of protein diets respectively.The protein content of growing pigs diets among control group,treatmentⅠand treatment Ⅱ was 17%,14% and 15% for,but it respectively was 15%,13% and 14% during fattening,diets of treatmentⅠand treatment Ⅱwere formulated according to the pattern of ideal protein for growing-fattening pigs.The results showed that the protein level in dietary had no influence on daily wieght gain（DWG） and ratio of feed and weight（RFW） significantly at the different stage（P 〉0.05）.N concentrations of urea in serum of growing-fattening pig from treatmentⅠand treatment Ⅱwere lower than that of control group（P〈0.05）.In room NH3 contents of growing pigs,treatmentⅠand treatment Ⅱ was lower than that of control group （P〈0.05）,but the NH3 content of finishing pig room in treatmentⅠwas lower than that of control group （P〈0.05）.In H2S content of room,there was not significant difference among three groups at the different stage （P〉0.05）.At the stage of growing,compared with the control group,excretion of N pollution in treatment Ⅰand treatment Ⅱ decreased 15.7% and 11.4% ,there were marked difference （P0.05）,but at the stage of fattening,they decreased 15.2% and 8.9%,there was no difference between treatmentⅡ and the control group（P〉0.05）.

To investigate the effects of adding different doses of Chinese herbal feed additives into diets on performance and immune organ index of broilers,288 one day-old AA broiler （healthy and close weight） were selected and divided into four groups according to their weight,six in each group and 12 chickens in each replicate.They were fed with different diets： control group,diets not supplemented Chinese herbal feed additive;group Ⅰ,diets supplemented Chinese herbal feed additive at a proportion of 0.5%;group Ⅱ,diets supplemented Chinese herbal feed additive at a proportion of 1%;and group Ⅲ,diets supplemented Chinese herbal feed additive at a proportion of 2%.After a feeding period of 42 d,feed intake,daily gain,feed conversion ratio,spleen index and thymus index were determined.The results showed that supplementing the Chinese herbal feed additive into broiler′s diets can greatly improve the growth performance and immune organ index,and the best effects are achieved by supplementing 1% of compound Chinese herbal.

In the study,the green and dried grass of oat from north of Yin Mountains of Inner Mongolia was selected for the trial material.The initial evaluation of nutritional value of the oat hay was made by analysis of nutritional composition,determination of digestibility and testing of ferment gas production in vitro and comparing corn silage straw and millet straw.The results showed that CP,DMD,OMD,CPD,NDFD and ADFD of the dry matter in the oat hay were all significantly higher than that of the corn silage straw and millet straw,and the content of carbohydrate components or the used ratio also was higher,but the content of the total volatile fatty acids was higher,it will be useful for the control of ruminal fermentation.

According to spectrophotometer method from GB/T 6437-2002,feed total phosphorus was determined by using combining with a concentration feed and a mixed feed.The result showed that the tested specimen dissolution fluid was turbid,it should be precipitated over night by steting and attract clarified liquid to carry out the examination,the examination result is more accurate and reliable.If the tested specimen dissolution fluid was clear,the detection results between day and precipitated over night were the same.This experimental technique will useful for consummating the method for feed total phosphorus detection.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using corn gluten meal （CGM） as a dietary protein for Macrobrachium rosenbergii.Four kinds of isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated,which contained 0 （the control）,5%,10% and 15% of CGM,respectively,replacing 0,9.1%,18.2% and 27.3% of fish meal,respectively.After 53 d feeding,the effect of replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal on protease enzyme activities of Macrobrachium rosenbergii was determined.With 0.5% Cr2O3 as the indicator,the apparent digestibility coefficients（ADCs） of four experimental diets and three raw feed ingredients （CGM,soybean meal and fish meal） based on the 70% basic diets and 30% test raw ingredient were determined.The results showed that the ADCs of dry matter and crude protein of corn gluten meal for Macrobrachium rosenbergii were 85.31% and 92.28%,respectively.The protease enzyme activities in the stomach,hepatopancreas and intestine of Macrobrachium rosenbergii were not significantly affected by the replacement of fish meal with corn gluten meal （P〉0.05）.The ADCs of dry matter were not significantly affected by the replacement of fish meal with corn glutenmeal（〉P0.05） and the ADCs of crude protein were significantly affected by the replacement of fish meal with corn gluten meal （P〈0.05）.The ADC of protein of 15% CGM group was 91.82% and significantly higher than that of the control （P〈0.05）,and no significant difference in the ADCs of protein was found between the other groups （P〉0.05）.

China is a big country of aquaculture,it has the affluent water resource.In recent years,as the rapid development of aquaculture industries,the ratio of a variety of farmed fish of fresh-water and marine increased among the total production of aquaculture.With the development of artificial breeding in aquaculture,aquatic animal nutrition and feed has also become the focus of being paid attention.

Procambarus clarkii is one kind of benthic crustaceans.They are not good at swimming and crawl among aquatic grasses or on water bottom sometimes.Therefore,Procambarus clarkii can be cultured alone or with other fishes.Mixed culture of crayfish and fish can not only make full use of water but also achieve good harvest of crayfish and fish without using more feed and no effects on growth of fish.As a result,it is a good culture method.The mixed culture technology of crayfish and fish was introduced from the aspects such as pond selection,preparation before stocking,stocking crayfish and fish,feeding and management,daily management,preventing and treating diseases,fishing,transportation and sales.

The physiological indexes and biochemical indexes of were determined and analyzed statistically.These blood indexes of red porgy are as following： erythrocyte count,（223.25 ±14.89） thousand cells/mm3;leukocyte count,（4.55 ±0.60） thousand cells/mm3;hemoglobin content,（65.75±6.85） g/L;activity of acid phosphatase,（2.58±0.45） U/L;activity of alkaline phosphatase,（42.97±4.17） U/L;activity of lactate dehydrogenase,（205.28±14.82） U/L;albumin content,（31.73±3.53） g/L;total protein content,（63.10±3.74） g/L;total cholesterol content,（4.11±0.57） mmol/L;and triglyceride content,（1.10±0.22） mmol/L.

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Chinese herbal powder on growth performance.The results showed that the weight gain of the experimental group was 19.3% higher than that of the control group （P 〈0.05）.The food consumption per kilogram weight gain was 0.49 kg less in the experimental group than in the control group,and the feed conversion ratio was increased by 16.3% （P〈 0.05）.In addition,the experimental group produced 57.5 yuan more than the control group,and the economic benefits were increased by 34.6%.

Tall gastrodia Tuber,a perennial symbiosis plant,is a kind of commonly used and expensive traditional Chinese medicine.Materia medica records a lot about its function and processing methods,but the literature are rather scattered.In order to provide a reference for standard processing,this article reviews the situation of processing standards,incomplete test data,backward inspection standards,and inconsistent quality of medicine materical crude slices of Tall gastrodia Tuber.

As long term usage of antibacterials,drug-resistant of germs increase,in order to slow down the generation speed and strengthen the effect of drugs,research on compatibility of medicines has been paid attention.In this study,broth dilution method was used to determine for the MIC （minimum inhibit concentration） of Lacti-trimethoprim and Mequindoc respctively,and their combinations,the effect of the combination was investigated by fractional inhibitory concentration （FIC） index.The result showed that the combination of Lacti-trimethoprim and Mequindoc took on the synergistic effect,the optimization rate was 1 ∶1 for V.anguillarum and V.parahaemolyticus,which was 1 ∶2 for V.alginolyticus.However,the present rate of Lacti-trimethoprim and antibacterials usually is （1∶3）~（1∶5）,which is not siutable for Mequindoc.The conclusion could be made that the combination of Lacti-trimethoprim and Mequindoc can improve antibacterial activity and decrease cost,it will useful to control the diseases which were caused by bacterial infection.

Radishes were used to find the factors affecting removal of pesticide residues in such root vegetables at home.Taking 2% detergent as an example,the effects of these factors declined in the order of soaking time,rinsing times,and blanching time.The best combination to remove pesticide residues in root vegetables was soaking root vegetables in 2% detergents for 10 min,rinsing in running water （3×1 min）,and blanching in boiling water for 1 min.

A new security complex antifreeze mainly composed of trehalose was used to froze fillet and fish balls.After melt,water loss,boiling weight loss and flavor were studied.The results showed that trehalose antifreeze effectively reduced water loss rate and boiling water loss of fillet and fish balls,prevented protein from denaturation,kept their fresh flavor,and improved quality of the frozen fillet and fish balls.

A simple and efficient method was developed to separate lysozyme from egg white.And high purity lysozyme was prepared by the developed method.The steps of this method are as follows： diluting egg white with five times volume of phosphate buffer solution （PBS;pH 6.5）;stirring for 30 min;adjusting pH value to 4.6;heating at 100 ° C for 20 min;cooling and centrifugation;treating supernatant by fractional precipitation with ammonium sulfate.The precipitate produced with 40%-80% saturated ammonium sulfate was electrophoresis-pure lysozyme.

Chicken is rich in nutrients and can provide enough nutrients for growth of microorganisms.As a result,chicken is easy to be polluted.Therefore,how to control pollution of chicken products and ensure quality safety of chicken products have attracted people′s attention.Considering the practice of chicken production,the paper explores how to control the microbial pollution during process of chicken products and proposes feasible measures.

Cooked meat products in bulk were sampled from Alar City Agricultural Trade Market,Talimu University Agricultural Trade Market,Kekekule Town Agricultural Trade Market and Nankou Town Agricultural Trade Market.Then flora and number of E.coli were detected to analyze the effects of time and the temperature on sanitary quality during the selling process and thus to survey the sanitary quality of cooked meat products in bulk in Alar City.The study explored the factors affecting sanitary quality of cooked meat and provided a reference for conservancy of sanitation of cooked meat products in bulk.

The composition and characteristics of muscle fiber have great relationship with meat quality.Meat quality is usually associated with muscle metabolism and contraction,and it is determined by the distribution of types of muscle fiber.The paper describes types,difference,biochemical and histochemical properties of muscle fiber.And the relationship between traits and meat apparent character was explored in order to increase the output of livestock meat and improving meat quality in future breeding strategies.

Application effects of phosphate rock and organic fertilizer composted with pig manure were investigated by planting Brassica chinensis in plots.The results showed that the phosphate rock and organic fertilizer composted with pig manure had significantly better efficiency on Brassica chinensis seedlings planted in purple soil than the single application of phosphate rock or organic fertilizer composted with pig manure or than the control.The phosphate rock or organic fertilizer composted with pig manure showed a positive interaction effect,which indicated that application of them had better effects than single application.

Based on the feature of contraposing students of independent college,the proposals of teaching reform about content,methods and means of teaching in Veterinary Microbiology and training of student ability were put forward combined with teaching experience.It could provide the reference teaching of Veterinary Microbiology for other independent colleges.

Once atmosphere of a classroom course is formed,it has the relative stability.Positive classroom atmosphere has a positive impact on students′ attitudes and achievement,however methods on activating classroom atmosphere is diverse.

Scientific diet formula of local beef cattle was prepared according to the practical local feeding management and feed supply conditions.At the same levels of nutrition and feeding management,feed intake and daily gain of different varieties of hybrid beef cattle were compared,and their weight gain and economic benefits were evaluated comprehensively in order to provide a reference for importing frozen semen of beef cattle,improving local cattle,and selecting suitable hybrid beef cattle breeds in production by local farmers.

A total of 13 species of worms were collected from 60 domestic ducks in Tongshan Town of Yizheng City of Jiangsu Province,and they belonged to 12 genera （11 families of 4 classes of 2 phylums）.All ducks were infected by two or more species of worms.Among the worms,the dominant species were Tracheophilus sisowi,Amphimerus anatis and Echinostoma revolutum with high average infection rate,followed by H.coronula,Echinostoma miyagawai,Notocotylus attenuatus,Metorchis orientalis and P.anatinus with relatively high infection rate.The infection rates of A.anseris,Drepanidotaenia lanceolata,Apatemon globiceps,Tetrameres,and Filicollis anatis were low.This is the first report about worm infection in ducks in this region and can provide some basis for the control program of parasitic disease of domestic ducks in this region.

Classical swine fever （CSF）,caused by classical swine fever virus （CSFV）,one plus strand RNA virus,is a highly contagious porcine disease,and it can cause a severe harm to pigs.Its course is cute,subacute,chronic,atypical or mild.In recent two years,CSF is epidemic in some domestic and international areas.The disease has high incidence and new epidemic characteristics such as subclinical infection and mixed infection,which makes prevention more difficult and leads to some economic losses in many pig farms.This paper briefly reviews the etiological characteristics and pathogenesis of CSFV,diagnosis and status of vaccine prevention and research of CSF in order to provide new ideas and measures for the future prevention and control of CSF.

The species and quantity in local organs of sheep were surveyed using parasitology in Maying Town of Minhe County.The results showed that 20 kinds of nematodes,one kind of tapeworm,one kind of Hypoderma bovis,and one kind of louse flies were found.The total number of parasites was 289.Ostertagia cricumcincta was dominant,and its infection rate and intensity were 100% and 104 （11-180）,respectively.

Transport stress syndrome of beef cattle caused by mycoplasma is a series of non-specific pathological reaction,and its cardinal symptom is respiratory disease.This disease is induced by multiplicities of bacterial infection.Its high morbility and mortality lead to galactic loss to nurseries.Diagnosis and treatment of one case of transport stress syndrome of beef cattle were analyzed,which may provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for clinical diagnosis.

To survey toxoplasma infection and drug treatment in dogs in Hohhot,toxoplasma antibodies of 307 dogs were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）.The toxoplasma-positive dogs were treated with Chinese and Western drugs.The ELISA positive rate of toxoplasma antibody （IgM） in the dogs was 4.6%,and the good efficacy was achieved by drug treatment.In addition,toxoplasma infection rates were significantly different between the dogs from different places.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the management of scattered-feeding or deserted dogs,and the serological monitor should be strengthened for timely and effective preventive measures.

Earthworms （Daping no.3） were fed with three kinds of fodder,fresh cow dung and fermented corn silage at a weight ratio of 6 ∶4,fermented cow dung and fermented corn silage at a weight ratio of 6 ∶4,and soil and fermented corn silage.Their growth and reproduction were observed.The results showed that the earthworms fed with fresh cow dung and fermented corn silage grew fast and gave birth to the most later generations.