50 rats were tested by histological section method. 50 rats were divided into five groups：normal control group,the pathological model group, Niaoduqing intervention group,low-dose camel miLk group, high-dose camel milk group. After 7-day feeding adaptation, the rats in all groups except normal control group were administrated with 2% suspension that was prepared with adenine and distilled water with the dose of 200 mg/d by intragastric administration to establish chronic renal failure model from the first day of the test. And rats in Niaoduqing intervention group was administrated with 25% Niaoduqing solution by intragastrie administration and rats in low-dose camel milk group and high-dose camel milk group were administrated with camel milk at 15：00 of every day. After 28 days ,the rats were killed and kidney was taken out to make tissue sections for microscopic observation. The results show that glomeruli of kidney in pathological model group had no significant change and there were a large number of neutrophils in kidney tubules and interstitium. And some tubules were damaged and shunk,infiltration of lymphocytes and connective tissue proliferation, some tubular eetasia and obvious hyperplasia of tubular epithelium were seen. The basic pathological changes in Niaoduqing intervention group were basically consistent with that in drug administration groups, but the damage degree of kidney tubules decreased. The pathological changes in low-dose camel milk group and high-dose camel milk group were basically same with that in drug administration groups.

The grazing trial with different grazing intensities was carried out in the grassland of Stipa grandis in Zhengxiangbai Banner of Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia from 2010 to 2012. The changes of the production performance of livestock in the grassland and dry matter digestibility in vitro of forages at different grazing intensities were studied. The results showed that the daily gain weight of cattle at different grazing intensities had significant difference （P〈0.05）and decreased with the increase of grazing intensity. Daily gain weight of cattle in unit hectare in MG area was significantly higher than that in LG area and HG area （P〈0.05）. The digestibility in vitro of forages in MG area was significantly higher than that in LG area at different grazing intensities （P〈0.05） and the digestibility in vitro of forages gradually decreased with the grazing time, When both livestock weight and the digestibility of forages were considered, the grazing intensity should be controlled within 0.35~0.40 per hektare.

To study the toxicity of bismuth tungsten acid heteropoly acid with different Jiamusi University,four central atoms and its antibacterial activity against newcastle disease virus, 24 mice with the body weight of （22＋ 1 ） g were randomly divided into 4 groups （6 mice in each group）. Mice in these four groups were administrated with BiWg, BiWgCu3,SbW9Cu3,BiWgCo3 （IM）3 respectively by intragastric administration to detect the acute toxicity of compounds. And the efficacy of compounds was detected by hemagglutination test and hemagglutination inhibition test. The results showed that the dosage of BiWg, BiWgCu3, SbWgCu3, BiWgCo3（IM）3 the caused of the death of 2/6 mice were （7 776.0±12.6）, （2 379.0＋11.2）, （3 243.0±12.3） and （7 056.0±15.4） mg/kg respectively. When the antivirus titer was 1/16, the concentration of BiWg, BiWgCu3, SbWgCu3, BiWgCo3 （IM）3 were （29.14± 0.63 ）, （1.80±0.06）, （1.86±0.04） and （4.41 ±0.11 ） mg/mL respectively. In conclusion, bismuth tungsten acid heteropoly acid substituted by four different transition metals was low toxic compound, but it had antibacterial activity against newcastle disease virus and high efficacy.

AP was coupled with BSA by glutaraldehyde method to prepare complete （coated） antigen AP-BSA. It was identified that the coupling was successful by ultraviolet scanning and the results of determination by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry showed that the coupling rate was 5：1. Through phalanx titration test, it was confirmed that the best coating concentration was 4 ~g/mL, the optimum working concentration of the first antibody was 1：3 000 and the optimum working concentration of the second antibody was 1：400. It was confirmed by two-factor repeated test that the optional coating conditions were as follows ： using CBS as coating buffer and overnight below 4 ℃.

The determination of ammonia content in fish could be used in the freshness test of fish. Under alkaline conditions, NH3 reacted with phenol-sodium hypochlorite at normal temperature under the catalysis of sodium nitroferricyanide to produce stable blue chemical compound. The maximum absorption wavelength was 620 nm,the best color time was 20 min and the best color temperature was 37 ℃, relative standard deviation was 1.5% （n=10）. And the recovery rate was 96.7%-101.5%. This method was simple, rapid and accurate.

[Objective] The aim was to explore effects of different decalcifying solutions on the staining of sternum bone marrow section of Wistar rat. [Method] The sternum was collected from normal Wistar rat, and then fixed by 10% neutral formalin. After the samples were washed with flowing water, they were immersed in formic acid aluminum chloride decalcifying solution （A group）, 5% formic acid decalcifying solution （B group） and 5% nitric acid decalcifying solution （C group） to decalcify respectively, and then the samples were washed with flowing water again. After that, paraffin section was made and HE staining was carried out. Finally, the samples were observed under microscope. [Result] The effect on preparation section time showed as 5% formic acid group 〉 formic acid aluminum chloride group 〉 5% nitric acid group. The HE staining effect of formic acid aluminum chloride group had no significant difference with that of 5% formic acid group, but was better than that of 5% nitric acid group. [Conclusion] The bone sternum marrow section of rat made by formic acid aluminum chloride decalcifying solution had complete tissue structure of bone marrow, clear ceil morphology and short time, so it could satisfy the demand of histological evaluation.

According to the $2 gene sequence of Avian reovirus strain 176 （ARV 176） published in GenBank, two pairs of primers were synthesized. The total RNA of ARV isolate T-98 and C-98 isolated in Tianjin and Inner Mongolia were extracted. The $2 gene of virus was amplified by RT-PCR and then cloned into pESAY-T1 plasmid and sequenced. The results showed that the $2 genes of ARV C-98 and ARV T-98 isolates were 1 324 bp, included 15 bp 5＇ non-coding region and 58 bp 3＇ non-coding region, and contained one ORF（ 16-1 266）. Compared nucleotide sequence showed that high homology was 99.8% between ARV T-98 and ARV C-98. The homology of $2 genes of ARV C-98 and ARV T-98 isolates was 99.2%-99.8% comparing with S2 genes of reference strains ARV 176, ARV 918, ARV 919, ARV 1733, ARV GX2010, ARV S1133 and DRV YJL, and was 92.1% -94.1% comparing with $2 genes of reference strains ARV 138 and ARV AVS-B, and was 87.3%-87.8% comparing with $2 genes of reference strains ARV 601SI, ARV 916 and ARV 1017-1, and was 77.3%-78.2% comparing with S2 genes of reference strains DRV 091,DRV S!2 and DRV S14, and was 2.4%-5.5% comparing with S2 genes of reference strains MRV 3, MRV 3-jin- 1 and MRV 3-T3D. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that S2 genes of ARV T-98 and C-98 and 20 ARV strains were separated into four lineages.

In order to find a natural antifreeze agent which can protect sperm better, the sperm frozen-thawed of pig semen was added with different concentrations of laminarin, and sperm motility, mitochondrial activity, sperm plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity of pig after freezing were studied to explore the frozen effect of different concentrations of laminarin on pig semen.

The microbial limit test of clozapine tablets was validated by using the conventional method and medium dilution method. The results showed that the recovery rates of the test bacteria were more than 70% when they were tested by medium dilution method. The controlling bacteria of Escherichia coli had been detected in the test group, and the negative control strains of Staphylococcus aureus had not been detected in the control group. The study showed that the clozapine tablet had weak bacteriostasis, and the medium dilution method could be used in its microbial limit tests.

[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of Beihanshuishi from two different places on gastric juice secretion of rat. [Method] Gastric juice secretion increasing model of rat was established by pylorus ligature method, and effects of Beihanshuishi on the gastric secretion levels, pH value and gastric acidity of rat were observed. [Result] The treated rats showed a decrease of gastric secretion levels, an increase of pH value and a decrease of gastric acidity. [Conclusion] Beihanshuishi has an inhibitory effect on gastric juice secretion of rat.

Based on the birth identification data of Zhongwei goats during 2009-2012,the effects of non-genetic factors （year of birth, sex, season of birth and maternal parity）on the birth weight of Zhongwei goat lambs were studied. The results showed that birth year and sex had significant effects on the birth weight of Zhongwei goat lambs （P〈0.05）and maternal parity and birth season had no significant effect on the birth weight of Zhongwei goat lambs （P〉0.05）.

120 diseased chicken with coccidiosis in a chicken farm were divided into four group （30 chicken in each group）. Group 1 was positive control group （infected and untreated）and chicken in other three groups were treated with three kinds of anticoccidial drugs （sulfaquinoxaline, dliclazuril and decoquinate）. Another 30 healthy chicken were used as healthy control group. The drug administration lasted five days and 150 chicken were killed and examined on the eighth day. The anticoccidial index （ACI） was calculated to judge the treatment efficacy of drugs against coccidiosis. The results showed that the anticoccidial index of decoquinate was the highest and it was a kind of high-efficacy anticoccidial drug. ACI of dliclazuril was the next and it was a kind of medium- efficacy anticoccidial drug. ACI of sulfaquinoxaline was the lowest and it was a kind of inefficient anticoccidial drug.

Animal Anatomy and Histology is a subject that studies the morphological structure, position and development laws of normal animal organism and it is also a professional basic course in animal husbandry and veterinary specialty. According to the characteristics of the course, the teaching means and methods were continuously improved in teaching practice for many years. Combined with the actual situation of students, experience was sum up to achieve good effects of teaching reform in this course.

In order to carry out personnel training mode of ＂school-enterprise cooperation and teachers and students interaction＂, increase students＇ professional ability, and deepen curriculum construction and reform, aimed at the position of Basic Veterinary course in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine specialty and course characteristics, the teaching content of Basic Veterinary course was optimized and integrated, that was teaching was carried out according to designed learning situation; teaching methods and ways were reformed so as to change the teaching mode which was far from practice and went against training applied talents; the adaptation period of employment opportunities was shortened based on improving students＇ comprehensive quality and the ability of solving practice problems.

The necessity of improving the degraded grassland of Songnen Plain was discussed from the aspects of the ecological construction, livestock development and farmer＇s income improving. The theoretical basis, implementing methods and economic benefits of some improvement technologies （scarification, fertilization, shallow plowing, heavy harrow, etc.） were discussed in detail. These improvement measures have been used in in Jilin Province for more than 30 years and the accumulative improvement area reached 5.0~10s hectares. Significant ecological benefits,economic benefits and social benefits have been achieved. And it will play its role in the grassland improvement in future.

China is one of the largest corn production countries in the world and the planting of forage corn plays an important role in animal husbandry production. In order to better understand the production status of forage corn in China, it is necessary to review the relevant studies on its species, yield and quality. The results showed that the planting area of forage corn was mainly distributed in Heilongjiang Province, Beijing and surrounding areas, Tianjin and surrounding areas,and Inner Mongolia, but it was little distributed in Ningxia, Siehuan, Zhejiang and Fujian. More than 68 varieties/species of forage corn were suitable for planting in different regions. The dry matter yield was 16.1-28.5 t/hm2,crude protein （CP） was from 7.69% to 8.42% , and neutral detergent fiber （NDF）and acid detergent fiber （ADF） were 55.30%-84.99% and 30.34%-49.31% respectively. The results will help dairy farmers to develop the production of whole-plant forage corn and will provide references for making plans of planting forage corn in different regions of China.

Xinqing 1 is a new high-quality and high-yield silage maize variety cultivated by Crop Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In order to improve the yield of Xinqing 1 in Zhenjiang Hill Area of Jiangsu Province, the planting pattern, planting density and fertilization modes of Xinqing 1 were studied. Field test result showed that silage maize Xinqing 1 was suitable for wide-narrow row drill in Zhenjiang Hill Area; the suitable plant spacing was 15-20 cm; the suitable seeding rate was 30 kg/hm2; the fertilization mode was mainly base fertilizer, with topdressing once during growth period.

The species and functions of human probiotics were discussed. And the role of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli in the human intestines and its research progress were mainly summarized. In addition,the mechanism,research foreground and development trend of probiotics were prospected.

The method of artificial domestication, breeding and disease prevention of raccoons were introduced, and it was proposed that raccoons bred under confined conditions in prison had no breeding. If the facility was reasonable, and the feeding sites were constructed in the areas near water, the safety, growth and development and reproductive aspects of raccoons would he better than those of raccoons bred under confined conditions in prison. When the purpose was only to expand the population, this method should he adopted.

DNA methylation is an important part of apparent genetic field. It is benefit for the expression and regulation of gene, and it also has important effect on developmental regulation of mammalian embryo. The mechanism and biological function and significance of DNA methylation were mainly introduced, and it was prospected that it is necessary to deeply study DNA methylation in future. DNA methylation may be as a routine technical target in medicine to treat some diseases.

Barley pest can digest and transform crop straw, waste residue and marc of agricultural and subsidiary food processing, meal and kitchen residues and urban silt, so it can realize material cycle and changing waste into valuables so as to solve the two problems of environmental pollution and protein source shortage. The ecological characteristics, reproductive performance, medicinal and edible value and culture and benefit of barley pest were summarized.

Quality chicken is one of favorite foods for people, but there are few quality chicken varieties, especially less quality chicken varieties for scale scatter-feed. Through recent years＇ research, a new variety spotted-cyan white chicken which has good shape, fast growth vigor, strong resistance and good quality has been breed. In order to apply fine traits of the spotted-cyan white chicken in production, the selection of cross combination of quality chicken was studied. Results showed that when the spotted- cyan white chicken was as female and other varieties as male, F1 generations had obvious cross advantages, furthermore FI generations of some combinations had very good quality and taste flavor of quality chicken. The purer genetic characters of male line were, the more consistent phenotypic traits of F1 generations were, the stronger extension and production of F1 generations were, the more popular F1 generations were.

Ruminant rumen has a detoxification to gossypol in diet, and there is no clinical symptom of poisoning after long application in production, but the existence and accumulation of a large number of gossypol in body will cause anti-ruminant nutrition and immunosuppressive effects to animals. Effects of gossypol on the metabolic turnover and physiological function of protein, iron and zinc as well as the immune inhibition of the breast were introduced in order to provide reference for how to avoid such side effects in the regulation of diets for dairy cows.

Though little amount of mineral elements was needed in the body of animals and they didn＇t contain energy, but it was closely related with the metabolism of nutrients. When the supply of mineral elements in feed was deficient and the proportion of mineral elements was unbalanced,these would cause the deficiency of some mineral elements. It would lead to the metabolism disorder, lap up and chew those foreign bodies without nutrient value, which eventually caused the pica.