Abstract: After the rural cooperative medical treatment system which originated from the 50＇s of the 20th century have experienced the four steps of exploration,development,recession and reconstruction,it has taken on a new look to us now.That is the new form of the rural cooperative medical treatment system. The building up of the traditional cooperative medical treatment is aiming at not only securing the obtaining of the peasants＇basic health care service,relieving the phenomenon of peasants＇ poverty caused by illness,but it also provides some experience and reference of the establishment of the new form of the rural cooperative medical treatment system.Based on the research of the historical transformation of our China＇s rural cooperative medical treatment system,this article intends to search for the reason of the falling of our traditional rural cooperative medical treatment and meanwhile give some reference on the construction of the new rural cooperative treatment system.