Abstract: Spring wheat growth period, field component,yield,nutrient uptake and fertilizer use efficiency of were measured in a field plot test to study the effect of fertilization on the spring wheat yield and its component.The five treatments were optimal fertilization （NPK）,no P fertilizer （NK）,no N fertilizer（PK）,no K fertilizer（NP） and no fertilizer（ek）.The results showed that the spring wheat was matured earlier and the growth period was shorted for no N fertilizer,on the contrary,the wheat was matured later and the growth period was longer for no P fertilizer.The high, ear length,grain number per spike and dry mater weight were NPK〉NK〉NP〉PK〉ek.The yield was increased by applying fertilizer and the yield was increased by 69.1% and 7.8% and 27.7% for N and P and K fertilizer separately.15.4 and 3.3 and 14.1kg grain were increased by per kg N and P2O5 and K2O.In the treatment of optimal fertilization the use efficiency of N and P2O5 and K2O were 39.6% and 14.3% and 56.4% separately.And 3.04kg and 1.38kg and 2.71kg N and P2O5 and K2O were absorbed to produce 100kg grain.