Abstract: Jerusalem artichoke as a new energy plants and the preferred crops,play an important role in building an innovative country and realizing leap-forward development of our country in the new century.The paper comprehensived studies and narrated in detail the germplasm resources protection and the genetic breeding of Jerusalem artichoke at home and abroad,and combined with the ecological protection and application prospect were discussed,provided the reference at the germplasm resources and utilization of Jerusalem artichoke for the future.