Abstract: Vegetation fraction and its changes become an important instruction of regional environmental changes.The results showed that the ten day average temperature closes to normal yearn or slightly higher and uneven distribution of precipitation on time and space in growing season of 2016 in Tongliao City.It was concomitant between the high temperature drought and the short-time strong rainfall,the precipitation concentration period in May and June and drought in July and August,causing of moderate or heavy drought in county of Zhalute,Naiman and Kulun from July to August.Because of higher temperature and uneven distribution precipitation,vegetation turned green earlier than the past year,then retarded growth anaphase.Vegetation index was higher than past year at the beginning of August.