Abstract: Anthocyanin, belonging to the plant polyphenols, is widely distributed in the nature and has strong free radical scavenging activity and antioxidant activity. Some recent studies have demonstrated that black rice anthocyanin is a kind of safe, non-toxic and natural edible pigment, and has many physiological functions, such as hypoglycemic, anti-oxidant,anti-allergic, anti-aging, and anti-tumor efficacy. Accordingly, anthocyanin is widely used in food, medicine, cosmetics production and many other fields. This article expounds the biological activities of anthocyanin in Red Kernel Color, in hoping to provide valuable information for its further studies and applications.