Abstract: Snowmelt flood characteristics were analyzed by using Hulunbeier snowmelt flood disaster information.The results showed that Hulunbeier snowmelt floods most occurred in the west of Daxinanling and Yakeshi, Ergun City, Ewenke were snowmelt flood-prone areas.On this basis, from the aspects of climate background,the analysis and research results of the meteorological causes of snowmelt flood in the spring of 2013 were done： 2012-2013 winter snowfall was significantly above normal which provided the basis for the snowmelt floods occuring;the snow did not melt and the permafrost was deep because of low temperature of March-April;the rising temperature of early May rapidly was the main meteorological factor of the snowmelt floods occuring.