西葫芦遗传育种研究进展

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2026.01.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 西葫芦是具有重要经济价值的瓜类蔬菜,选育出市场需求旺盛、抗病、适应性强、具有国际竞争力的西葫芦新品种并加以利用,对西葫芦突破性品种的育成及其种业持续稳定创新发展至关重要。文章从西葫芦分类学研究、种质资源的收集与保存、遗传育种重要研究进展等方面进行了综述,以期为我国西葫芦遗传育种研究提供参考。

关键词: 西葫芦, 遗传育种, 种质创新, 品种选育

Abstract: Cucurbita pepo L. is an economically important cucurbit vegetable. Breeding and utilizing new C. pepo L. varieties characterized by strong market demand,disease resistance,broad adaptability,and international competitiveness are of critical importance for achieving the development of breakthrough varieties of C. pepo L. and ensuring the sustainable,stable and innovative development of the seed industry of C. pepo L. This paper reviews taxonomic studies,collection and conservation of germplasm resources,key research progress in genetic breeding,and related aspects of C. pepo L.,with the aim of providing a reference for genetic breeding research of C. pepo L. in China.

Key words: Cucurbita pepo L., Genetic breeding, Germplasm innovation, Variety breeding

中图分类号:

S642.603.2

申琼, 武峻新. 西葫芦遗传育种研究进展[J]. 北方农业学报, 2026, 54(1): 33-42.

SHEN Qiong, WU Junxin. Research progress on genetic breeding of Cucurbita pepo L.[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2026, 54(1): 33-42.

参考文献

[1] SMITH B D.The initial domestication of Cucurbita pepo in the Americas 10 000 years ago[J].Science,1997,276(5314):932-934.
[2] 李昕升,吴昊,刘宜生.南瓜属作物与南瓜品种资源[J].中国野生植物资源,2017,36(5):1-6.
[3] PARIS H S.History of the cultivar-groups of Cucurbita pepo[J].Horticultural Reviews,2010,25:71-170.
[4] ANDRES T C.Cucurbita fraterna,the closest wild relative and progenitor of C. pepo[J].Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report,1987,10:69-71.
[5] GONG L,PARIS H S,NEE M H,et al.Genetic relationships and evolution in Cucurbita pepo(pumpkin,squash,gourd)as revealed by simple sequence repeat polymorphisms[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2012,124(5):875-891.
[6] PARIS H S,YONASH N,PORTNOY V,et al.Assessment of genetic relationships in Cucurbita pepo(Cucurbitaceae)using DNA markers[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2003,106(6):971-978.
[7] XANTHOPOULOU A,MONTERO-PAU J,MELLIDOU I,et al.Whole-genome resequencing of Cucurbita pepo morphotypes to discover genomic variants associated with morphology and horticulturally valuable traits[J].Horticulture Research,2019,6:94.
[8] DECKER D S,WILSON H D.Allozyme variation in the Cucurbita pepo complex:C. pepo var. ovifera vs. C. texana[J].Systematic Botany,1987,12(2):263.
[9] KIRKPATRICK K J,WILSON H D.Interspecific gene flow in Cucurbita:C. texana vs. C. pepo[J].American Journal of Botany,1988,75(4):519-527.
[10] PARIS H S,DORON-FAIGENBOIM A,REDDY U K,et al.Genetic relationships in Cucurbita pepo(pumpkin,squash,gourd) as viewed with high frequency oligonucleotide-targeting active gene(HFO-TAG)markers[J].Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,2015,62(7):1095-1111.
[11] 武峻新. 南瓜遗传多样性及裸仁、矮生基因分子标记[D].太原:山西大学,2011.
[12] GRUMET R,MCCREIGHT J D,MCGREGOR C,et al.Genetic resources and vulnerabilities of major cucurbit crops[J].Genes,2021,12(8):1222.
[13] MONTERO-PAU J,BLANCA J,ESTERAS C,et al.An SNP-based saturated genetic map and QTL analysis of fruit-related traits in Zucchini using Genotyping-by-sequencing[J].BMC Genomics,2017,18(1):94.
[14] PARIS H S,BROWN R N.The genes of pumpkin and squash[J].HortScience,2005,40(6):1620-1630.
[15] PARIS H S,PADLEY L D J.Gene list for Cucurbita species[J].Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report,2014,37:1-13.
[16] BROWN R N,MYERS J R.A genetic map of squash(Cucurbita sp.)with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers and morphological markers[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,2002,127(4):568-575.
[17] ESTERAS C,GÓMEZ P,MONFORTE A J,et al.High-throughput SNP genotyping in Cucurbita pepo for map construction and quantitative trait loci mapping[J].BMC Genomics,2012,13:80.
[18] MUROVEC J,DRAŠLAR K,BOHANEC B.Detailed analysis of Cucurbita pepo seed coat types and structures with scanning electron microscopy[J].Botany,2012,90(11):1161-1169.
[19] BERENJI J.Breeding,production,and utilization of oil pumpkin in Yugoslavia[J].Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report,2000,23:105-109.
[20] TEPPNER H.Cururbita pepo(Cucurbitaceae):history,seed coat types,thin coated seeds and their genetics[J].Phyton International Journal of Experimental Botany,2000,40:1-42.
[21] ROBINSON R W,DECKER-WALTERS D S.Cucurbits[M].New York:CAB International,1997.
[22] ZRAIDI A M,PACHNER M,LELLEY T.On the genetics and histology of the hull-less character of Styrian oil-pumpkin(Cucurbita pepo L.)[J].Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report,2003,26:57-61.
[23] GONG L,PACHNER M,KALAI K,et al.SSR-based genetic linkage map of Cucurbita moschata and its synteny with Cucurbita pepo[J].Genome,2008,51(11):878-887.
[24] ZRAIDI A,STIFT G,PACHNER M,et al.A consensus map for Cucurbita pepo[J].Molecular Breeding,2007,20(4):375-388.
[25] KAUR B,GARCHA K S,BHATIA D,et al.Identification of single major QTL and candidate gene(s) governing hull-less seed trait in pumpkin[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2022,13:948106.
[26] BEZOLD T N,MATHEWS D,LOY J B,et al.Molecular analysis of the hull-less seed trait in pumpkin:expression profiles of genes related to seed coat development11[J].Seed Science Research,2005,15(3):205-217.
[27] EDELSTEIN M,PARIS H S,NERSON H.Dominance of bush growth habit in spaghetti squash(Cucurbita pepo)[J].Euphytica,1989,43(3):253-257.
[28] CURTISU L C.Heterosis in summer squash(Cucurbita pepo) and the possibilities of producing F₁ hybrid seed for commercial planting[J].Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1939,37:827-828.
[29] 盖少杰,申琼,刘江涛,等.西葫芦雄性不育理化特性与转录组分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2025,26(8):1606-1618.
[30] MEDLEY T L.Availability of determination of nonregulated status for virus resistant squash[J].Federal Register,1994,59:64187-64189.
[31] TRICOLL D M,CARNEY K J,RUSSELL P F,et al.Field evaluation of transgenic squash containing single or multiple virus coat protein gene constructs for resistance to cucumber mosaic virus,watermelon mosaic virus 2 and zucchini yellow mosaic virus[J].Nature Biotechnology,1995,13(12):1458-1465.
[32] FUCHS M,TRICOLI D M,CARNEY K J,et al.Comparative virus resistance and fruit yield of transgenic squash with single and multiple coat protein genes[J].Plant Disease,1998,82(12):1350-1356.
[33] KLAS F E,FUCHS M,GONSALVES D.Comparative spatial spread overtime of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus(ZYMV)and Watermelon Mosaic Virus(WMV)in fields of transgenic squash expressing the coat protein genes of ZYMV and WMV and in fields of nontransgenic squash[J].Transgenic Research,2006,15(5):527-541.
[34] PROVVIDENTI R,TRICOLI D M.Inheritance of resistance to squash mosaic virus in a squash transformed with the coat protein gene of pathotype 1[J].HortScience,2002,37(3):575-577.
[35] RHODES A M.Species hybridization and interspecific gene transfer in the genus Cucurbita[J].Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1959,74:546-551.
[36] SITTERLY W R.Breeding for disease resistance in cucurbits[J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,1972,10:471-490.
[37] JAHN M,MUNGER H M,MCCREIGHT J D.Breeding cucurbit crops for powdery mildew resistance[M].Portland:The American Phytopathological Society,2002:239-248.
[38] COHEN R,HANAN A,PARIS H S.Single-gene resistance to powdery mildew in zucchini squash(Cucurbita pepo)[J].Euphytica,2003,130(3):433-441.
[39] HOLDSWORTH W L,LAPLANT K E,BELL D C,et al.Cultivar-based introgression mapping reveals wild species-derived Pm-0,the major powdery mildew resistance locus in squash[J].PLoS One,2016,11(12):e0167715.
[40] MARGARITOPOULOU T,KIZIS D,KOTOPOULIS D,et al.Enriched H3K4me3 marks at Pm-0 resistance-related genes prime courgette against Podosphaera xanthii[J].Plant Physiology,2022,188(1):576-592.
[41] SABET H,ALI ASADI-GHARNEH H,NASR-ESFAHANI M.Transcriptome-oxidoreductases analysis associated with resistance to pumpkin powdery mildew[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2025,345:114122.
[42] PARIS H S,COHEN S.Oligogenic inheritance for resistance to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in Cucurbita pepo[J].Annals of Applied Biology,2000,136(3):209-214.
[43] PACHNER M,PARIS H S,WINKLER J,et al.Phenotypic and marker-assisted pyramiding of genes for resistance to zucchini yellow mosaic virus in oilseed pumpkin(Cucurbita pepo)[J].Plant Breeding,2015,134(1):121-128.
[44] CAPUOZZO C,FORMISANO G,IOVIENO P,et al.Inheritance analysis and identification of SNP markers associated with ZYMV resistance in Cucurbita pepo[J].Molecular Breeding,2017,37(8):99.
[45] YAŞAR AŞ AVKAN A N,TÜRKMEN Ö.Agromorpholo gical characterization and molecular evaluation of a marker associated with Zym-1 allele resistance of local zucchini genotypes[J].Euphytica,2025,221(6):77.
[46] AMOROSO C G,ANDOLFO G,CAPUOZZO C,et al.Transcriptomic and genomic analysis provides new insights in molecular and genetic processes involved in zucchini ZYMV tolerance[J].BMC Genomics,2022,23(1):371.
[47] PÉREZ-MORO C,D′ESPOSITO D,CAPUOZZO C,et al.Discovery of variation in genes related to agronomic traits by sequencing the genome of Cucurbita pepo varieties[J].BMC Genomics,2025,26(1):335.
[48] PADLEY L D,KABELKA E A,ROBERTS P D,et al.Evaluation of Cucurbita pepo accessions for crown rot resistance to isolates of Phytophthora capsici[J].HortScience,2008,43(7):1996-1999.
[49] VINCENT MICHAEL N,MOON P,FU Y Q,et al.Genetic diversity among accessions of Cucurbita pepo resistant to Phytophthora crown rot[J].HortScience,2019,54(1):17-22.
[50] VOGEL G,LAPLANT K E,MAZOUREK M,et al.A combined BSA-Seq and linkage mapping approach identifies genomic regions associated with Phytophthora root and crown rot resistance in squash[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2021,134(4):1015-1031.
[51] MICHAEL V N,FU Y Q,MERU G.Inheritance of resistance to Phytophthora crown rot in Cucurbita pepo[J].HortScience,2019,54(7):1156-1158.
[52] MICHAEL V N,FU Y Q,SHRESTHA S,et al.A novel QTL for resistance to Phytophthora crown rot in squash[J].Plants,2021,10(10):2115.
[53] DE OLIVEIRA A C B,MALUF W R,PINTO J E B P,et al.Resistance to Papaya ringspot virus in summer squash Cucurbita pepo L. introgressed from an interspecific C.pepo × C. moschata cross[J].Euphytica,2003,132(2):211-215.
[54] KABELKA E A,YOUNG K.Identification of molecular markers associated with resistance to squash silver leaf disorder in summer squash(Cucurbita pepo)[J].Euphytica,2010,173(1):49-54.
[55] ANDOLFO G,DI DONATO A,DARRUDI R,et al.Draft of zucchini(Cucurbita pepo L.)proteome:a resource for genetic and genomic studies[J].Frontiers in Genetics,2017,8:181.
[56] LUCKEW A,MERU G,WANG Y Y,et al.Field evaluation of Cucurbita germplasm for resistance to whiteflies and whitefly-transmitted viruses[J].HortScience,2022,57(2):337-344.
[57] KAVALAPPARA S R,BAG S,LUCKEW A,et al.Small RNA profiling of cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus from susceptible and tolerant squash(Cucurbita pepo)lines[J].Viruses,2023,15(3):788.
[58] ADELEKE I A,KAVALAPPARA S R,CODOD C B,et al.Evaluation of plant introduction lines of yellow squash(Cucurbita pepo) for resistance against single infection of cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus and cucurbit leaf crumple virus[J].HortScience,2024,59(7):949-956.
[59] GONG L,PARIS H S,STIFT G,et al.Genetic relationships and evolution in Cucurbita as viewed with simple sequence repeat polymorphisms:the centrality of C.okeechobeensis[J].Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,2013,60(4):1531-1546.
[60] BRZOZOWSKI L J,MAZOUREK M,AGRAWAL A A.Mechanisms of resistance to insect herbivores in isolated breeding lineages of Cucurbita pepo[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,2019,45(3):313-325.
[61] BRZOZOWSKI L J,GORE M A,AGRAWAL A A,et al.Divergence of defensive cucurbitacins in independent Cucurbita pepo domestication events leads to differences in specialist herbivore preference[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,2020,43(11):2812-2825.
[62] 李可悦,王丹丹,刘江涛,等.西葫芦嫩瓜皮叶绿素合成代谢与其皮色形成的关联性研究[J].植物遗传资源学报,2024,25(8):1336-1346.
[63] WYATT L E,STRICKLER S R,MUELLER L A,et al.An acorn squash(Cucurbita pepo ssp. ovifera)fruit and seed transcriptome as a resource for the study of fruit traits in Cucurbita[J].Horticulture Research,2015,2:14070.
[64] WYATT L E,STRICKLER S R,MUELLER L A,et al.Comparative analysis of Cucurbita pepo metabolism throughout fruit development in acorn squash and oilseed pumpkin[J].Horticulture Research,2016,3:16045.
[65] OBRERO Á,GONZÁLEZ-VERDEJO C I,ROMÁN B,et al.Identification,cloning,and expression analysis of three phytoene synthase genes from Cucurbita pepo[J].Biologia Plantarum,2015,59(2):201-210.
[66] MURKOVIC M,HILLEBRAND A,WINKLER J,et al.Variability of fatty acid content in pumpkin seeds(Cucurbita pepo L.)[J].Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung,1996,203(3):216-219.
[67] MURKOVIC M,HILLEBRAND A,WINKLER J,et al.Variability of vitamin E content in pumpkin seeds(Cucurbita pepo L.)[J].Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung,1996,202(4):275-278.
[68] FEDKO M,KMIECIK D,SIGER A,et al.Comparative characteristics of oil composition in seeds of 31 Cucurbita varieties[J].Journal of Food Measurement and Characteri-zation,2020,14(2):894-904.
[69] VICENTE-DÓLERA N,PINILLOS V,MOYA M,et al.An improved method to obtain novel mutants in Cucurbita pepo by pollen viability[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2014,169:14-19.
[70] GARCÍA A,AGUADO E,PARRA G,et al.Phenomic and genomic characterization of a mutant platform in Cucurbita pepo[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2018,9:1049.
[71] KIDANEMARIAM D B,SUKAL A C,ABRAHAM A D,et al.Molecular characterisation of a putative new polerovirus infecting pumpkin(Cucurbita pepo) in Kenya[J].Archives of Virology,2019,164(6):1717-1721.
[72] GAUTAM K,SEGURA M,ALONSO S,et al.Jasmonate-insensitive mutant jar1b prevents petal elongation and flower opening coupling with parthenocarpic fruit development in Cucurbita pepo[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2024,214:108923.
[73] HOOGHVORST I,NOGUÉS S.Opportunities and challenges in doubled haploids and haploid inducer-mediated genome-editing systems in cucurbits[J].Agronomy,2020,10(9):1441.
[74] KURTAR E S,SARı N,ABAK K.Obtention of haploid embryos and plants through irradiated pollen technique in squash(Cucurbita pepo L.)[J].Euphytica,2002,127(3):335-344.
[75] KURTAR E S,SEYMEN M, ET N A N,et al.Dihaploidization in promising summer squash genotypes(Cucurbita pepo L.) via irradiated pollen technique[J].Yüzüncü Y Üniversitesi Tar m Bilimleri Dergisi,2021,31(1):42-51.