生物炭与电解锰工业废渣配施对盐碱土的改良效果

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2026.03.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究玉米秸秆生物炭与电解锰工业废渣（硫酸铵镁锰、电解锰渣及其脱砷产物）单施或配施对盐碱土的改良效果,为该类工业废渣的资源化利用提供参考。【方法】选用宁夏银北平原典型中度碱化土壤,采用土培与淋溶试验,设置1%玉米秸秆生物炭（BC）、0.1%硫酸铵镁锰（AMS）、1%电解锰渣（EMR）、1%脱砷电解锰渣（EMRQ）、1%玉米秸秆生物炭+0.1%硫酸铵镁锰（SBC）、1%硫酸铵镁锰共热解生物炭（SBCG）、1%玉米秸秆生物炭+1%电解锰渣（EBC）、1%玉米秸秆生物炭+1%脱砷电解锰渣（EBCQ）处理,以不施改良剂为对照（CK）,分析各处理对土壤pH值、钠吸附比、碱化度、有机质含量、速效养分含量及盐基离子淋出动态的影响。【结果】AMS处理对降低土壤pH值效果最为明显,与CK相比降幅为5.0%;各处理钠吸附比均显著低于CK（P<0.05）,EMR、AMS处理降幅分别为67.7%和65.3%;BC处理土壤碱化度最低,与CK相比降幅为55.0%。BC、SBCG、SBC、EBC、EBCQ处理能够显著增加土壤有机质含量（P<0.05）,与CK相比增幅为69.1%~125.2%。在速效养分方面,EBCQ处理速效磷含量最高,与CK相比增幅为35.4%;BC、SBCG、SBC、EBCQ处理均能显著提升速效钾含量（P<0.05）,与CK相比增幅为61.3%~109.7%;各处理均能显著提高碱解氮含量（P<0.05）,其中EBCQ处理与CK相比增幅为11.4%。淋溶试验表明,EBCQ处理的淋出离子浓度显著增加,Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺浓度的增幅分别为CK的1 756.4%和1 247.3%。【结论】生物炭与电解锰工业废渣配施可有效提升盐碱化土壤养分、调节盐基离子组成,1%玉米秸秆生物炭+1%脱砷电解锰渣处理综合效果较佳。

关键词: 盐碱土改良, 生物炭, 电解锰渣, 硫酸铵镁锰

Abstract: 【Objective】To investigate the improvement effects of single or combined application of corn straw biochar and electrolytic manganese industrial residues（ammonium magnesium manganese sulfate,electrolytic manganese residue and its arsenic-removed product）on saline-alkali soil,and to provide a reference for the resource utilization of such industrial residues.【Methods】The typical moderately alkaline soil from the Yinbei Plain in Ningxia was selected and the soil incubation and leaching experiments were conducted. The following treatments were set up：1% corn straw biochar（BC）,0.1% ammonium magnesium manganese sulfate（AMS）,1% electrolytic manganese residue（EMR）,1% arsenic-removed electrolytic manganese residue（EMRQ）,1% corn straw biochar+0.1% ammonium magnesium manganese sulfate（SBC）,1% ammonium magnesium manganese sulfate co-pyrolyzed biochar（SBCG）,1% corn straw biochar+1% electrolytic manganese residue（EBC）,and 1% corn straw biochar+1% arsenic-removed electrolytic manganese residue（EBCQ）,with no amendment treatment as the control（CK）. The effects of each treatment on soil pH value,sodium adsorption ratio,exchangeable sodium percentage,organic matter content,available nutrient contents and the leaching dynamics of base cations were analyzed.【Results】The AMS treatment exhibited the most obvious effect on reducing soil pH value,with a decrease of 5.0% compared with CK;the sodium adsorption ratio of each treatment was significantly lower than that of CK（P<0.05）,with the EMR treatment and AMS treatment showing reductions of 67.7% and 65.3%,respectively;the exchangeable sodium percentage of the BC treatment was the lowest,with a decrease of 55.0% compared with CK. The BC,SBCG,SBC,EBC and EBCQ treatments significantly increased soil organic matter content（P<0.05）,with increases ranging from 69.1% to 125.2% compared with CK. In terms of available nutrients,the EBCQ treatment exhibited the highest available phosphorus content,which increased by 35.4% compared with CK;the BC,SBCG,SBC and EBCQ treatments significantly increased the content of available potassium（P<0.05）,with increases ranging from 61.3% to 109.7% compared with CK;all treatments significantly increased the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen（P<0.05）,with the EBCQ treatment showing an 11.4% increase compared with CK. The leaching experiment showed that the concentrations of leached cations of the EBCQ treatment significantly increased,with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ concentrations being higher than those of CK by 1 756.4% and 1 247.3%,respectively.【Conclusions】The combined application of biochar and electrolytic manganese industrial residues can effectively improve the nutrients of saline-alkali soil and regulate the composition of base cations. The comprehensive effects of 1% corn straw biochar+1% arsenic-removed electrolytic manganese residue treatment is the best.

Key words: Saline-alkali soil improvement, Biochar, Electrolytic manganese residue, Ammonium magnesium manganese sulfate

中图分类号:

S156.4

尹翠翠, 高瑞丽, 薛斌, 孙权. 生物炭与电解锰工业废渣配施对盐碱土的改良效果[J]. 北方农业学报, 2026, 54(3): 66-75.

YIN Cuicui, GAO Ruili, XUE Bin, SUN Quan. Improvement effects of combined application of biochar and electrolytic manganese industrial residues on saline-alkali soil[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2026, 54(3): 66-75.

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