生物炭类型和施用量对陕北黄绵土土壤理化性状和谷子生长的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.01.05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探明不同生物炭类型和施用量对陕北黄绵土理化性状和谷子生长的影响。【方法】选取玉米秸秆（JG）、稻壳（DK）和竹竿（ZG）3种生物炭,分别设置C1（300 g/m²）、C2（600 g/m²）、C3（1 200 g/m²）3个施炭水平,以不施生物炭为对照（CK）,开展谷子室内模拟栽培试验,通过测定土壤理化指标和谷子生长指标,探究不同生物炭类型和施用量对陕北黄绵土土壤理化性状及谷子生长的影响。【结果】DK生物炭对土壤含水量和容重有显著的调控作用,DKC2处理的土壤含水量较JGC2和ZGC2处理分别显著下降15.78%、18.26%（P<0.05）;DKC3处理的土壤容重较JGC3和ZGC3分别显著下降20.07%、24.63%（P<0.05）;施ZG生物炭时,土壤有机碳、速效钾含量随生物炭施用量增加逐渐递增,ZGC3处理下,土壤有机碳、速效钾含量较CK分别显著提升134.35%、77.94%（P<0.05）。施JG生物炭时,谷子株高、地上部干重随生物炭施用量的增加先增后减,且JGC2处理下谷子株高、地上部干重较CK分别显著提升32.62%、77.13%（P<0.05）,单穗粒重、总干重及小区产量较施DKC2、ZGC2处理分别显著提升126.18%、65.36%、57.54%和79.25%、82.46%%、50.37%（P<0.05）。施DK生物炭的谷子地下部干重、根表面积和根冠比随生物炭施用量的增加先增后减,DKC2处理谷子地下部干重、根表面积和根冠比较CK分别显著提升104.53%、90.30%、82.11%（P<0.05）;ZGC3处理谷子收获指数较施DKC3显著提升50.00%（P<0.05）。【结论】不同生物炭类型及施用量对谷子的生长影响各异,600 g/m²玉米秸秆生物炭处理更利于谷子干重的提升、600 g/m²稻壳生物炭处理更利于谷子根系的生长、1 200 g/m²竹竿处理更利于谷子收获指数的提升。在陕北黄绵土中种植谷子,施玉米秸秆、竹竿生物炭具有较好的土壤水肥调节能力和增产增效作用。

关键词: 生物炭, 土壤养分, 谷子, 产量, 收获指数

Abstract: 【Objective】To investigate the effects of different biochar types and application amounts on loess soil physicochemical properties and millet growth in northern Shaanxi.【Methods】Three biochar types of corn straw（JG）,rice husk（DK）and bamboo stalk（ZG）were selected. Three carbon application levels,C1（300 g/m²）,C2（600 g/m²）and C3（1 200 g/m²）were set up,and no biochar application was set as control（CK）. Using indoor simulation millet cultivation experiments,by measuring soil physicochemical properties and millet growth indexes,the effects of different biochar types and application amounts on loess soil physicochemical properties and millet growth in northern Shaanxi were studied.【Results】DK biochar had significant regulation effects on soil water content and bulk density. Compared with JGC2 and ZGC2 treatments,soil water content of DKC2 treatment decreased significantly（P<0.05） by 15.78% and 18.26%,respectively. Compared with JGC3 and ZGC3 treatments,the soil bulk density of DKC3 treatment decreased significantly（P<0.05） by 20.07% and 24.63%,respectively. When applying ZG biochar,the contents of soil organic carbon and available potassium gradually increased with the increase of biochar application amount. Under ZGC3 treatment,the contents of soil organic carbon and available potassium significantly（P<0.05） increased by 134.35% and 77.94%,respectively,compared with CK. When JG biochar was applied,the millet plant height and aboveground dry weight increased first and then decreased with the increase of biochar application amount. The millet plant height and aboveground dry weight of JGC2 treatment significantly increased（P<0.05） by 32.62%,77.13%,respectively,compared with CK. Grain weight per panicle,total dry weight and plot yield significantly increased（P<0.05） by 126.18%,65.36%,57.54% and 79.25%,82.46%,50.37%,respectively compared with DKC2 and ZGC2 treatments. The underground dry weight,root surface area and root shoot ratio of millet treated with DK biochar increased first and then decreased with the increase of biochar amount. Compared with CK,the underground dry weight,root surface area and root shoot ratio of millet under DKC2 treatment significantly increased（P<0.05） by 104.53%,90.30% and 82.11%,respectively. The grain harvest index of ZGC3 treatment significantly increased（P<0.05） by 50.00% compared with DKC3 treatment.【Conclusion】Different biochar types and application amounts had different effects on millet growth. 600 g/m² corn straw biochar treatment was more conducive to the improvement of millet dry weight,600 g/m² rice husk biochar treatment was more conducive to the growth of millet root system,and 1 200 g/m² bamboo stalk biochar treatment was more conducive to the improvement of millet harvest index. Planting millet in loess soil of northern Shaanxi,applying corn stalk and bamboo stalk biochar had better ability of regulating soil water and fertilizer and increasing yield and efficiency.

Key words: Biochar, Soil nutrient, Millet, Yield, Harvest index

中图分类号:

S153

白计玲, 张旭东, 纪棨云, 胡丹丹, 刘瑜, 刘楚华, 王小林. 生物炭类型和施用量对陕北黄绵土土壤理化性状和谷子生长的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2024, 52(1): 36-45.

BAI Jiling, ZHANG Xudong, JI Qiyun, HU Dandan, LIU Yu, LIU Chuhua, WANG Xiaolin. Effects of biochar types and application amounts on loess soil physicochemical properties and millet yield in northern Shaanxi[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2024, 52(1): 36-45.

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