Abstract: 【Objective】To determine the effect of turning measure on physicochemical parameters and microbial community of traditional composting.【Methods】The experiment was carried out by windrow composting with different turning frequencies. The dairy manure and wheat straw were raw materials. The parameters analyzed during composting process were temperature,moisture,pH value,EC value,organic matter,total nitrogen,C/N ratio,germination index,weed seed inactivation rate,and microbial community.【Results】Compared with the control group（T1 and T2）,the treatment group（T3 and T4）with different turning frequencies could effectively increase the permeability of the pile and achieve thermophilic fermentation period（≥55 ℃）. The peak temperature rose by 20.00-38.33 ℃ and thermophilic fermentation period was increased 3-9 days. The water,total nitrogen,organic matter,and C/N ratio of composting product were decreased 15.38%-35.38%,12.42%-37.71%,22.81%-35.64% and 12.24%-31.67% respectively. Furthermore,the germination index（GI index）increased 10.77%-13.03%.The inactivation rate of weed seeds achieved 100%. The EC value and pH value of the treatment group（T3 and T4） were similar to the control group（T1 and T2）. The higher relative abundance of Methanomicrobia was existed in the control group（T1 and T2）. Furthermore,the turning measure could increase the relative abundance of Deinococcus-Thermous and Chloroflexi as the core bacteria,and the alpha-diversity was decreased by turning measure.【Conclusion】Adding turning measure during traditional composting process could increase the pile temperature,maturity and the degree of harmlessness for composting products. It also could increase the relative abundance of thermophilic microorganism and decrease the microbial community diversity.

Key words: Dairy manure, Aerobic fermentation, Turning measure, Degree of harmlessness